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An is a protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize
foreign objects like bacteria and viruses. Each antibody recognizes a specific
antigen unique to its target.
are antibodies that are derived from different cell lines.
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(
)) are antibodies that are identical because they were
produced by one type of immune cell, all clones of a single parent cell.
According to differences in their heavy chain constant domains, immunoglobulins
are grouped into five classes, or isotypes: ¢ ,
, ¢ ,
, ¢ ,
, ¢ ,
, and ¢ .
.
IgG: IgG1 (66%), IgG2 (23%), IgG3 (7%) and IgG4 (4%) , blood and tissue liquid.
IgA:IgA1
IgA: IgA1 (90%) and IgA2 (10%), stomach and intestines
IgM: normally pentamer, ocassionally hexamer, multiple immunoglobins linked with
disulfide bonds
IgD:1%
IgD: 1% of proteins in the plasma membranes of B
B--lymphocytes, function unknown
IgE: on the surface of plasma membrane of mast cells, play a role in immediate
hypersensitive and denfensive for parasite
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All current therapeutic antibodies are of the
IgG class.
When the objective of antibody therapy is to
directly kill the target cell, the isotype of
choice is IgG1, since this isotype is optimal for
complement fixation.
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6ab = 6ragment, antigen binding
6c = 6ragment, crystalline
The 6c fragment specifies biological properties
of the molecule, such as complement fixation,
placental transfer, skin fixation and catabolic
rate.
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All the cells secrete only one type of antibody directed
against one epitope
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antigen
Practical steps in monoclonal antibody production:
1) Immunize animal
3) 6use spleen cells with myeloma cells (polyethylene glycol, virus, by electroporation)
6) Clone remaining cells (place 1 cell/well and allow each cell to grow into a clone of
cells)
10) (If you¶re a biotech company) charge about $1,000-$2,000 per mg.
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