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Host-Parasite Interaction
Nonsterile sites
Distal centimeter of urethra
Vagina
Trauma
Introduce flora to sterile site
Immunosuppression
Immunosuppressive drugs
Chemotherapy
Radiation
Immune defects
Copyright © 2015 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 17
Microbial Flora and Protection
from Disease
Normal microbial flora
Prime the immune system
• Anexic animals: germ free
Sterile environments impair immune development.
Microenvironment
Microbial flora block colonization of pathogens.
• Antibiotics can reduce protection.
True pathogens
Organisms that cause disease in healthy
immunocompetent hosts
• Examples: Y. pestis and B. anthracis
Iatrogenic infections
Occur from medical treatment or procedures
Copyright © 2015 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 20
Opportunistic Microorganisms
Toxin activity
Lipid A
Effects
Hypotension
Fever
Initiates coagulation
Chemotaxis
Chemically caused movement to a location
Necessary to mobilize phagocytes to infection
Diapedesis
Movement from blood vessels to tissues