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Chapter 16
Release 16/07/2009
Chapter 1 Jetking Infotrain Ltd.
Recall
DH-1 has the key length of 768 bits. Similarly, DH2 and
DH5 have 1024 bits and 1536 bits respectively.
Message integrity is a process in which a receiving VPN
device verifies that the data packet is not changed while
transmission.
Authentication is a process in which a receiving VPN
device verifies that the received packet is sent by an
authorized VPN device.
VPN can be configured by using the hostname, local
name or L2TP tunnel password.
Release 16/07/2009
Chapter 1 Jetking Infotrain Ltd.
Benefits and uses of IPv6 - I
Supports the features of the security protocol such as
IPSec to provide secure communication over the
Internet.
Provides a way to change addresses that are assigned
to the hosts for maintaining address assignment within a
site.
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Chapter 1 Jetking Infotrain Ltd.
Benefits and uses of IPv6 - II
Provides globally unicast addressing removes the need
for NAT/PAT
IPv6 address assignment allows easier renumbering,
dynamic allocation and recovery of addresses.
IPv6 routers do not recalculate a header checksum for
every packet, reducing overhead per packet.
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Global Route Aggregation for
Efficient Routing
The strategies for IPv6 address assignment are as
follows:
Public IPv6 addresses are grouped by major
geographical area.
Address space is further sub-divided by ISP inside
each area.
Address space inside each ISP in an area is further
Release 16/07/2009
Chapter 1 Jetking Infotrain Ltd.
Using DHCP for IPv6
IPv6 hosts use the DHCP protocol, to get the IP
address, default router IP address, prefix length (mask)
and the DNS IP address.
Using DHCP, the host sends the IPv6 packet for
searching DHCP server.
The DHCPv4 server is used for IPv4 hosts. The
DHCPv4 holds information about the client, such as the
IP leased IP and the time period validity.
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Operational modes of DHCPv6 server
The following are the two operational modes of DHCPv6
server:
Stateful mode - In this mode the DHCPv6 server is
Release 16/07/2009
Chapter 1 Jetking Infotrain Ltd.
Stateless Auto configuration and
Router Advertisements - I
The stateless auto configuration, allows the host to
calculate the IP address according to the prefix length
used on the subnet.
It calculates the address using EUI-64 interface ID based
on its MAC address embedded into Network Interface
Card (NIC).
The stateless auto configuration uses the NDP (Neighbor
Discovery Protocol) to discover the prefix length used on
LAN.
Release 16/07/2009
Chapter 1 Jetking Infotrain Ltd.
Stateless Auto configuration and
Router Advertisements II
It uses the following two NDP messages to discover the
IPv6 prefix used on LAN:
Router Solicitation (RS) - The host sends an RS
multicast message to all the routers to identify the IPv6
prefix used on the subnet.
Router Advertisement (RA) - The reply message of the
router is in the form of an RA message.
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Chapter 1 Jetking Infotrain Ltd.
Stateless Auto configuration and
Router Advertisements III
RS/RAPROCESS
RS/RA Process
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Chapter 1 Jetking Infotrain Ltd.
IPv6 Addresses
Types of IPv6 addresses:
Unicast - Assigns IP addresses to a single interface
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Chapter 1 Jetking Infotrain Ltd.
IPv6 Transition Options - I
IPv6 resolves the issues of shortage of IP addresses
and larger routing table. A large number of devices
use IPv4, this the reason why few devices and their
software's do not support IPv6.
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IPv6 Transition Options - II
The approaches are developed to migrate from IPv4 to
IPv6 are as follows:
IPv6 Dual Stacks - IPv4 and IPv6 together can be used
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Chapter 1 Jetking Infotrain Ltd.
Summary - I
IPv6 is an Internet protocol that supports much larger
addresses space than IPv4.
Global unicast addresses are public and globally unique
IPv6 addresses that allow the hosts to communicate
over Internet.
IPv6 is represented by 32 hexadecimal numbers
organized into 8 blocks, each block containing 4
hexadecimal (hex) digits separated by a colon.
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Summary - II
You can abbreviate the IPv6 address using the following
rules:
Neglecting the leading 0's in every block
Stateless
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Summary - III
In stateful DHCPv6, IPv6 hosts use Dynamic Host
configuration (DHCP) protocol, to get the IP address,
default router IP address, prefix length (mass) and the
DNS IP address.
IPv6 use the following routing protocols:
RIPng
OSPFv3
MP-BGP4
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Summary - IV
Two approaches are that can be used to migrate from
IPv4 to IPv6 are:
IPv6 Dual Stacks
Tunneling
Release 16/07/2009
Chapter 1 Jetking Infotrain Ltd.