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actual quantity
quantity in per unit
base value of quantity
1
Per Unit Conversion Procedure, 1f
3
Per Unit Example
Solve for the current, load voltage and load power
in the circuit shown below using per unit analysis
with an SB of 100 MVA, and voltage bases of
8 kV, 80 kV and 16 kV.
Original Circuit
4
Per Unit Example, cont’d
8kV 2
Z BLeft 0.64
100 MVA
80kV 2
Z BMiddle 64
100 MVA
2
16kV
Z BRight 2.56
100 MVA
1.00
I 0.22 30.8 p.u. (not amps)
3.91 j 2.327
VL 1.00 0.22 30.8
p.u.
2
VL
SL
VL I L* 0.189 p.u.
Z
SG 1.00 0.2230.8 30.8p.u.
6
Per Unit Example, cont’d
VLActual
0.859 30.8 16 kV 13.7 30.8 kV
S LActual 0.1890 100 MVA 18.90 MVA
SGActual 0.2230.8 100 MVA 22.030.8 MVA
100 MVA
I Middle
B 1250 Amps
80 kV
Middle 0.22 30.8 Amps 275 30.8
I Actual
7
Three Phase Per Unit
9
Three Phase Per Unit Example
10
3f Per Unit Example, cont'd
1.00
I 0.22 30.8 p.u. (not amps)
3.91 j 2.327
VL 1.00 0.22 30.8
p.u.
2
VL
SL *
VL I L 0.189 p.u.
Z
SG 1.00 0.2230.8 30.8p.u.
12
3f Per Unit Example 2
15
Transformer Reactance
LTC
Radiators
W/Fans
115 – 35 kV distribution transformer
Source: Tom Ernst, Minnesota Power 17
230/115 kV Transformer
Oil Cooler
Oil
Radiators
pump
W/Fans
Source: Tom Ernst, Minnesota Power 18