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  • Efficient Rice Based Cropping System

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    senthilnathan
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    Rice based cropping system is a major cropping system practiced in India, which include the rotation of crops involving rice, pulses, oil seeds, cotton, sugarcane, green manures, vegetables, etc. Various rice based cropping systems have been reported from different parts of India ranging from rice-rice-rice to rice followed by different cereals, pulses, oil seeds, vegetables and fibre crops. Rice based cropping systems may include lowland and upland crops. Cropping pattern used on a farm and their interactions with farm reservoir, other farm enterprises, available technology and environment. The objective of this cropping system is to utilize all resources efficiently, maintain stability in production and obtaining higher net returns. The cropping system maintains and enhance soil fertility, also minimize disease spread, weed growth and pest infestation and enhances the crop growth. So the crops with suitable qualities should be selected and grown in the cropping system. There are many types of cropping system, among these the rice based cropping system is a major one which include the rotation of crops involving rice, pulses, oilseeds, cotton, sugarcane, green manure etc.. Our Tamil Nadu have seven different zones, based on the soil type, climate and environment, different cropping systems are followed in different zone. Among these Rice based cropping systems, Rice - Pulses is mostly followed. There are also some constraints like shortage of labour, yield stagnation, water scarcity and increased cost of cultivation in following this cropping system but we must overcome those constraints and follow the cropping system and give better improvement to agriculture.

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    EFFICIENT RICE BASED CROPPING SYSTEM

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    Rice based cropping system is a major cropping system practiced in India, which include the rotation of crops involving rice, pulses, oil seeds, cotton, sugarcane, green manures, vegetables, etc. Various rice based cropping systems have been reported from different parts of India ranging from rice-rice-rice to rice followed by different cereals, pulses, oil seeds, vegetables and fibre crops. Rice based cropping systems may include lowland and upland crops. Cropping pattern used on a farm and their interactions with farm reservoir, other farm enterprises, available technology and environment. The objective of this cropping system is to utilize all resources efficiently, maintain stability in production and obtaining higher net returns. The cropping system maintains and enhance soil fertility, also minimize disease spread, weed growth and pest infestation and enhances the crop growth. So the crops with suitable qualities should be selected and grown in the cropping system. There are many types of cropping system, among these the rice based cropping system is a major one which include the rotation of crops involving rice, pulses, oilseeds, cotton, sugarcane, green manure etc.. Our Tamil Nadu have seven different zones, based on the soil type, climate and environment, different cropping systems are followed in different zone. Among these Rice based cropping systems, Rice - Pulses is mostly followed. There are also some constraints like shortage of labour, yield stagnation, water scarcity and increased cost of cultivation in following this cropping system but we must overcome those constraints and follow the cropping system and give better improvement to agriculture.

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    49 visualizzazioni24 pagine

    Efficient Rice Based Cropping System

    Caricato da

    senthilnathan
    Rice based cropping system is a major cropping system practiced in India, which include the rotation of crops involving rice, pulses, oil seeds, cotton, sugarcane, green manures, vegetables, etc. Various rice based cropping systems have been reported from different parts of India ranging from rice-rice-rice to rice followed by different cereals, pulses, oil seeds, vegetables and fibre crops. Rice based cropping systems may include lowland and upland crops. Cropping pattern used on a farm and their interactions with farm reservoir, other farm enterprises, available technology and environment. The objective of this cropping system is to utilize all resources efficiently, maintain stability in production and obtaining higher net returns. The cropping system maintains and enhance soil fertility, also minimize disease spread, weed growth and pest infestation and enhances the crop growth. So the crops with suitable qualities should be selected and grown in the cropping system. There are many types of cropping system, among these the rice based cropping system is a major one which include the rotation of crops involving rice, pulses, oilseeds, cotton, sugarcane, green manure etc.. Our Tamil Nadu have seven different zones, based on the soil type, climate and environment, different cropping systems are followed in different zone. Among these Rice based cropping systems, Rice - Pulses is mostly followed. There are also some constraints like shortage of labour, yield stagnation, water scarcity and increased cost of cultivation in following this cropping system but we must overcome those constraints and follow the cropping system and give better improvement to agriculture.

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    EFFICIENT RICE BASED CROPPING

    SYSTEM IN TAMIL NADU

    Presented by
    L. U. YAAMINI PRIYA
    III B. Sc., Agriculture
    What is the difference between

    Farming system
    and
    Cropping system
    Area, production and productivity of Rice in
    Tamil Nadu (2014 - 15)

    • 5th place in India

    • Total area under cultivation : 17,94,991 hectares

    • Total production : 79,49,437 tonnes

    • Total productivity : 4,429 kg/ha.


    TYPES OF CROPPING SYSTEM
    • Mono cropping

    • Multiple cropping

    • Inter cropping

    • Mixed cropping

    • Sequence cropping

    • Relay cropping

    • Double, Triple and Quadruple cropping


    Efficient cropping systems

    • Rainfall is <750 mm/annum, mono cropping is


    followed.
    • Rainfall is >750 mm/annum, intercropping is
    practiced.
    • When water is plenty, triple and quadrate
    cropping is adopted.
    IMPORTANCE OF CROPPING SYSTEM

    • Maintains the soil fertility

    • Minimize spread of diseases

    • Control weeds

    • Inhibit pest growth

    • Enhanced crop growth


    Contd….

    • Use resources more effectively

    • Reduce risk for crop failure

    • Improved financial security


    The crops selected for cropping system should be:

    • Complement to each other


    • Utilize available resources efficiently
    • Maintain and enhance soil fertility
    • Diverse species should be selected
    • The soil should be covered
    • Strategically plan and modify your cropping
    system as needed
    RICE BASED CROPPING SYSTEM
    • All rice sequential cropping system (Monocropping)
    • Rice-Rice
    • Rice-Rice-Rice
    • Multiple cropping system
    • Rice-Pulse-Vegetable
    • Rice-Rice-Pulse
    • Rice-pulse-Oilseed
    • Rice-other cereals/millets
    • Rice-Pulse-Green manure
    Other cropping systems under practice
    • Mixed varietal cropping system is followed in
    west bengal (1:1 ratio)

    • In Tamil Nadu mixture of autumn and winter


    varieties (3:1 ratio )is being practiced.
    Cropping system in different zones of Tamil Nadu

    North Eastern zone:


    • Rice-Maize
    • Rice-Rice-Groundnut
    • Rice-Pulse
    • Rice-Groundnut-Gingelly
    Cauvery delta zone
    • Rice-Rice-Pulse
    • Rice-Groundnut-Gingelly
    • Rice-pulse-Cotton
    • Pulses-Rice-Sunflower
    • Groundnut-Rice-Groundnut
    • Rice-Cotton+onion
    North Western Zone:
    • Rice-cotton
    • Rice-Groundnut-Gingelly
    • Rice-Rice-Fodder sorghum
    • Sugarcane-Ratoon sugsrcane-Rice
    High Rainfall Zone

    • Rice-Rice-Pulses
    • Pulses-Rice-Pulses
    • Rice-Tapioca-Rice
    Southern zone
    • Rice-Rice-Pulses
    • Rice-Rice-Green manure
    • Pulses-Rice
    • Bean-Rice
    • Rice-Cotton/Chillies
    • Sorghum-Rice-Pulses
    Western zone

    • Rice-Groundnut
    • Rice-Cotton
    • Rice-Gingelly
    • Turmeric-Rice
    • Rice-Ragi-Pulses
    Hilly zone
    • Rice-Cumbu-Gingelly
    • Rice-Ragi
    Major cropping system followed in the leading
    districts of Tamil Nadu and their area and
    production
    First district in rice
    • Cultivation : Thiruvarur (1,92,615 hectare)

    • Production : Thiruvarur (8,52,925 tonnes)

    Rice-Rice-Pulses

    Rice-Rice-Oilseeds
    Efficient Cropping system for Rice

    • Rice-Pulses

    Rice-Green gram/Black gram/Cowpea

    • Rice-oilseeds

    Rice-Groundnut
    COSTRAINTS FOR CROPPING SYSTEM

    • Yield stagnation
    • Shortages of labour
    • Water scarcity
    • Increased of cost of cultivation
    • Resource degradation
    Research Evidence
    Rice grain equivalent yield (Kg /ha)
    in different rice based cropping system

    B.L.MANJUNATH, et. al., Technical bulletin (2010).


    CONCLUSION

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