Chapter 3

Vibration in building

Supervised By : Prof .Dr /

By :
Eng:
 Introduction

Fig: (a, b and c); failure of reinforced concrete structures due to an

earthquake in Turkey, 2011. Images from Celebi et al. (2012).
External Vibration Sources

Fig: 1 Vibrational Movement due to external sources .

For Example:
Fig 2 :Comparison of Natural Frequencies of Wind sway, ground and
building component movement with plant running speed.
 Transmission Trough The structure
The propagating of vibration through structures occurs in four basic wave forms
which can be combined together to produce complicated movements of
building components ( see Fig 3 ) There Are :

 Longitudinal Waves
 Transverse Waves
 Torsional Waves
 Flexural waves
 Longitudinal Waves
Are derived from successive compression and separation along the Longitudinal axis of the member concerned

 Transverse Waves
Are similar but operating on axes across the member
 Torsional Waves
Involve twist shear and rotational forces

 Flexural waves
refer to rippling of the surface of the components in
fact this is the easiest way for most materials to move and therefore most important for building vibration
 Travelling Waves & Maintained waves

 Travelling Waves :
 Short term sources piling or underground rail movements will induce travelling waves

 Maintained waves :
Usually running for some period of time
 Attenuation Through The structure
The Attenuation Through The structure will be derived from two primary components :
a) Natural Attenuation
b) Resonance Features
a) Natural Attenuation

 Internal Damping
 Reflection at irregularities/Poor impedance matching
 Spreading of the energy
Fig 4 : Typical relationship between attenuation rate for different frequencies along a ribbed concrete floor
a) Resonance Features

Fig 5: Local Resonance

 Hinged-Hinged  Clamped-Hinged
 Clamped-Clamped  Clamped-Free
 𝟏
𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟕𝟓 𝐇𝐙
𝑫𝒆𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 (𝒎𝒎)
Damping
Principles of Mounting
Fig 7 : Comparison of structural support with a compound spring system
Fig 8 : Relative positions of two primary resonant frequencies of a compound system