PIPING ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTION TO PROCESS PLANT

PIPING SYSTEMS : -
 Piping Fundamentals

PIPE:
It is a Tubular item made of metal, plastic, glass etc.
meant for conveying Liquid, Gas or any thing that
flows.
It is a very important component for any industrial
plant. And it’s engineering plays a major part in
overall engineering of a Plant.
PIPING

The term Piping means not only pipe but includes

components like fittings, flanges, valves, bolts,
gaskets, bellows etc.
PIPE & TUBE
CLASSIFICATION OF PIPES

Metallic & Non Metallic

Carbon steel , Stainless steel ,
Plastic , FRP Piping, Lined
pipe.
AS PER METHOD OF MANUFACTURING

 Seamless

 Electric
Resistance
Welding ( ERW)

 Electric Fusion
Welding ( EFW)
AS PER APPLICATIONS
 Process Pipe
- Pressure &
Temperature

 Line Pipe
- Pressure only

 Structural Pipes
- No Pressure &
Temperature
PIPING COMPONENTS

BUTT WELDED FITTINGS

ELBOWS
90˚, 45 ˚, 180 ˚
TEE
Equal & Unequal Tee

REDUCER
Concentric & Eccentric
END CAP

STUB ENDS
PIPING COMPONENTS

SOCKET WELDED & SCREWED FITTINGS

ELBOWS
90˚, 45 ˚
TEE
Equal & Unequal Tee
REDUCER
Concentric & Eccentric
UNION

COUPLING

HALF COUPLING

CAP
PIPING COMPONENTS

SPECIAL FITTINGS

Weldolet

Sweepolet

Insert
Weldolet
PIPING COMPONENTS

SPECIAL FITTINGS

Sockolet

Coupolet

Thredolet
PIPING COMPONENTS

SPECIAL FITTINGS

Brazolet

Latrolet

Elbowlet

Nipolet
FLOW DIAGRAMS

 PFD
(Process Flow
Diagram)
 PID

(Piping &
Instrumentation
Diagram)

 UFD
(Utility Flow Diagram)
HOW TO READ PFD,PID,UFD
OUT PUTS FROM PID & UFD
 LINE SIZE
 MOC
 PIPING SYMBOLS
 INCOMING & OUTGOINGS LINES
 PIPING SCOPE
 LINE LIST
 EQUIPMENT LIST
 INSTRUMENTATION LIST
FLANGES
 FLANGE FACES
The most used types are : -

 Raised Face (RF)

 Flat Face (FF)

 Ring-Type Joint (RTJ)

 Male-and-Female (M&F)

 Tongue-and-Groove (T&G)
FLANGE FACES
Raised Face (RF)

Flat Face (FF)

FLANGE FACES
Male Female (MF) & TONGUE &GROOVE

RING TYPE (RTJ)

FLANGE FACE FINISH
STOCK , SERRATED & SMOOTH FINISH
BOLTING UP PROCEDURE
SPECIAL FLANGES
ORIFICE FLANGE
 GASKETS

 Non-metallic types

 Semi-metallic types

 Metallic types
 GASKETS
 Non-metallic types

Rubber Asbestos

PTFE
 GASKETS
 Semi-metallic types
 GASKETS
 Metallic types & Jacketed type
 BOLTS FOR FLANGE CONNECTIONS
 STUDS BOLTS & HEX BOLTS
 BOLTS LENGTH CALCULTIONS

Formula:

L = 2 (s + n + h + rf) + g

• s = free threads (equals 1/3 time bolt diameter)

• n = nut thickness (equals nominal bolt diameter)

• h = flange thickness

• rf = height of raised face

for class 150 and class 300 height of
raised face is included in h height

• g = gasket thickness approximately 3 m

PIPING SPECIAL ELEMENTS

 Strainers
 Bellows/Expansion Joints

 Rupture Disc

 Spray Nozzles

 Steam Traps

 Flame Arrestor

 Vortex Breaker

 Hose
PIPING SPECIAL ELEMENTS
 Strainers

Basket Type
Y-Type
PIPING SPECIAL ELEMENTS

Bellows/Expansion Joints
PIPING SPECIAL ELEMENTS

 Rupture Disc
PIPING SPECIAL ELEMENTS

 Spray Nozzles
 PIPING SPECIAL ELEMENTS
 Steam Traps

Thermodynamic type

Ball float type

PIPING SPECIAL ELEMENTS
 Flame Arrestor
PIPING SPECIAL ELEMENTS
 Vortex Breaker
PIPING SPECIAL ELEMENTS

 Hose
PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS

STATIC
HORIZONTAL VESSEL

VERTICAL VESSEL

STOARAGE TANK

HEAT EXCHANGER

BOILERS

DISTILATION COLUMN
PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS

HORIZONTAL VESSEL
PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS

VERTICAL VESSEL
PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS

STORAGE TANKS
PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS
HEAT EXCHANGER

SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER

PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS
HEAT EXCHANGER

SHELL & TUBE TYPE EXCHANGER

U - TUBE
PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS
HEAT EXCHANGER

SHELL & TUBE TYPE EXCHANGER

FIXED TUBE TYPE

PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS
HEAT EXCHANGER

SHELL & TUBE TYPE EXCHANGER

KETTLE TYPE
PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS
HEAT EXCHANGER

PLATE EXCHANGER
PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS
HEAT EXCHANGER

SPIRAL EXCHANGER
PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS
HEAT EXCHANGER

DOUBLE PIPE EXCHANGER

PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS
HEAT EXCHANGER

AIR COOLER EXCHANGER

PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS

BOILERS
PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS
DISTILLATION COLUMN
PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS

ROTARY
PUMPS

COMPRESSORS

FANS / BLOWERS

STEAM TURBINES
PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS

PUMPS
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS

PUMPS
RECIPROCATING PUMPS
PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS

PUMPS
SCREW PUMPS
PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS

COMPRESSORS
RECIPROCATING COPMRESSOR
PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS

COMPRESSORS
CENTRIFUGAL COPMRESSOR
PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS

FANS / BLOWERS
PROCESS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS

STEAM TURBINE
PIPING MATERIALS
MATERIAL SELECTION

STRENGTH - Pressure.

DUCTILITY OR FORMABILITY - Stress.

TEMPRATURE

CORROSION RESISTANCE

FATIQUE
PIPING SUPPORT SYSTEMS
 PIPING SUPPORT

SUPPORTS FROM SUPPORTS FROM VESSELS

CIVIL/STRUCTURE

SUPPORTS ON RACK / SLEEPERS INDIVIDUAL SUPPORTS

FOR INSULATED
FOR BARE PIPES
PIPES(SHOE SUPPORT)

LOW
LUG TRUNION BRACKET DUMMY
SUPPORT

GOAL
CANTILEVER L-TYPE TRAPEZE
POST
SUPPORT FROM CIVIL STRUCTURE
SUPPORT FROM VESSLES
SUPPORT ON RACK / SLEEPERS
BARE PIPE SUPPORTS
INSULATED PIPE SUPPORTS
TRUNION SUPPORT
DUMMY SUPPORT
LOW SUPPORT
BRACKET SUPPORT
 BRACKET SUPPORT

CANTILEVER , L - TYPE
BRACKET SUPPORT

GOAL POST
SUPPORT STRESS
 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION TO PDMS
 INTRODUCTION - PDMS

PDMS ( Plant Design Management System) enables us to

design a 3D computer model of a process plant. PDMS
allows us to see a full colour–shaded representation of
the plant model as our design progresses .
This model becomes a single source of engineering data
for all of the sections and disciplines involved in a
design project.
 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION ABOUT PDMS:

PDMS is a customizable, multi-user and multi-

discipline, engineer controlled design software
package for engineering, design and construction
projects.

An Integrated and review environment that

enables 3D models to be created in interactive, fully
colour-shaded views. With on line clash detection and
full design consistency, integrity is maintained at all
times.
 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES OF PDMS:

PDMS has consistently provided the fastest,

most cost effective route from initial concept to
operating plant for over 25 years.

AVEVA - PDMS has a unique object-centred technology,

using 'objects' to represent real parts of the plant, such
as valves, pumps or pipes. Each object can have many
layers of data associated with it; 2D schematic data, 3D
model data, properties, connectivity, documentation and
so on.
 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES OF PDMS:

 PDMS provides the best end product, in the shortest

time , with more benefits and for less cost.

 PDMS is satisfying the demands of complex plant

design.

 We can incorporate in design at any stage of work.

 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES OF PDMS:

 Elimination of field re-work and reduced construction

costs through controlled clash-free ,quality deliverables
from a single data source.

Improved design project efficiency and faster ' product

to market ' through automation and reuse of design
data.

 We can access on- screen help when ever we need.

 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

MAJOR SECTORS
 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 AVEVA Plant Design Management System is

a comprehensive modelling package and
can be used for following types of plants...
• Petrochemical
plants
• Offshore Platforms
• Pharmaceuticals
Plants
• Power Plants
• Water Treatment
Plants
 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 Offshore Platforms
 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 FPSO
 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 Petrochemical & Refinery Plants

 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 Power Plants
 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 Pharmaceuticals Plants
 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

APPLICATIONS :

 Equipment Design
 Piping Design

 Structural Design

 Support Design

 Cable Tray Design

 Civil Design

 HVAC Design

 Reports & Project Review

 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

DELIVERABLES :

 Clash-Free 3D model
 GA Drawings

 Plot & Layout Plans

 Piping MTO

 Fabrication Isometrics

 Pipe Spools

 Support Drawings & MTO

 Analysis Data

 Structural Detail Drawings & MTO

 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

PDMS MODULES
 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 DESIGN MODULE
Design is the main, graphically driven constructor
module within PDMS. Design enables a full sized three
dimensional plant model to be defined in the Design
database, with selected views of the current state of the
design shown on the graphics screen as the design
progresses. All parts of the design (including equipment,
and piping and structural steelwork layouts) can be
created.
 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

PIPING DESIGN
 Piping Design allows
designers to create a 3D
model of the piping and in line
instruments.
 Piping routing is intelligent
containing information such
as Piping Material Class, NB,
Fluid Code, Insulation
parameters, Temperatures &
Pressures, etc.
STRUCTURAL MODELLING
• Structural Module takes care of the modelling of Beams & columns, panels
& plates, walls & floors, ASL Modeller etc. using the standard section
libraries. These libraries can be customized to suit the project
requirements.
ELECTRICAL CABLE TRAYS MODELING
 Electrical Engineering Cable Tray Modeling is a

specification driven software used for making

3D models of trays, conduits, wire ways,
underground duct banks and cable trenches.
 Centreline routing provides automated

selection of components at the required branch

points & direction changes thus making the
modelling more efficient.
 Automated resizing calculation for the conduits,

depending upon the diameters of the cables

running through
 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ELECTRICAL CABLE TRAYS

 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

HVAC MODELING
 Project Engineer HVAC facilitates the modelling of duct layout with the help
of specification driven fitting placements.
 Centreline routing as well as manual placement of fittings like diffusers,
draught fans etc. available.
 Duct sizing calculations based on different parameters like fluid flow rate,
aspect ratio etc. allows the user to select from a set of acceptable resulted
size figures.
 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 DRAFTING MODULE
Draft enables dimensioned and annotated scale
drawings of selected parts of the design model to be
produced. All information needed to create the
drawing is accessible via a single drawing database,
which extracts data to be used for dimensioning
directly from the Design database. PDMS functions
Annotation can be in the form of labels attached to
design elements, or 2D annotation such
as drawing notes, or drawing frames, tables, lines etc.
PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
 PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 ISODRAFT MODULE

 Isodraft produces automatically annotated and

dimensioned piping isometric drawings,
with associated material lists, of specified sections of
the plant pipework. The content and style of the
drawings can be chosen to suit the needs of pipe
fabricators and/or erectors and can include a wide
range of optional features to suit local requirements.
Other facilities include:
• Full material lists.
• Automatic spool identification.
• Automatic splitting of complex drawings.
• User defined drawing sheets.
PLANT DESIGN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM