Hardenability Testing

Jominy End-Quench Test

 Time-Temperature-Transformation for a Eutectiod
Steel

Equilibrium Phase Change Temperature

700 Ps
600 Pf Pearlite

500 Bs Bf Bainite
400 Start Time
Finish Time
300
Ms
200
Mf
100
Martinsite

0.1 1 10 100 1000 10,000 seconds

Jominy Hardenability Test
Also called Jominy End Quench Test
Each part of the sample of steel is cooled at
a different rate
What kind of structure do you expect?
How does that relate to strength and
hardness?
Hardenability is defined as:
The ability of a metal or alloy to be through
hardened.
Why through? Means in the center of the
part, where the cooling rate is slower it also
should be hard.
Thus we can say that: - “Hardenability is
the ability of a metal or alloy to form
martensite at a slower cooling rate”
Controlled variables in Jominy test
Jominy curve taken for each 1/16”
from the quenched end
The distance from the quenched end is
essentially a cooling rate. If the Jominy
curve is known for steel, a hardness reading
of that steel tells the position at which it
cooled
Effect of Carbon Content
Effect of Alloying Elements
Tempering of martensite
Tempering martensite (heating to a temperature below the
transformation to FCC) allows diffusion of the trapped
carbon atoms and releases some of this stress.
The diffusion of the interstitial carbon atoms allows the
unit cell to relax from BCT to the equilibrium BCC( )
structure which is more ductile. The carbon atoms combine
with iron to form Fe3C (cementite) in the form of very
fine, extremely well dispersed particles. These block
dislocation motion and strengthen the material. Tempered
martensite has excellent strength and toughness properties.