To Explore the Nature And

Composition of Unknown
Nanomaterial
Group members:
Haris Irfan (29)
Saba Sohail (19)
Siddiqa Batool (09)
Hamza Ashfaq (39)

1
Contents:

• Introduction
• Equipment Used
• Results and Discussions
• Applications
• Conclusions
• References

2
Introduction:
• Nano materials is the most renowned field of science
nowadays and on which daily advancements are being
made. It helps us in textiles, electronics, food & health etc.
• Nanomaterials hold potential to make supercomputers that
are small enough to be carried in a shirt pocket or machines
that can repair damaged tissues by travelling through the
human body
• The unique properties of nanoparticles arise from their size
reduction.

3
Equipment Used:
• Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS):
 MIRA 3 TESCAN Scanning Electron Microscope was used
for EDS elemental analysis.
 It depends on the investigation of a sample through
interactions between light and matter, analyzing X-rays in
its case.
 Determination of composition

4
Contd..

• Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM):

 MIRA3 TESCAN Scanning Electron Microscope was used
for the scanning of material. MIRA3 is a high-performance
SEM system we have at IST.
 The purpose of SEM is to determine the Particle shape,
size and morphology.

5
Contd..

• X-Ray Diffraction (XRD):

 The X-Ray diffraction machine used in our laboratory is
GNR Explorer. It is a non-destructive technique for the
qualitative and quantitative analysis of the crystalline
materials, in form of powder or solid
 This method tells us the Extent of Crystallization of the
sample.

6
Results and Discussions:
1. Results obtained from Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy
2. Results obtained from Scanning Electron Microscope
3. Results obtained form X-ray Diffraction

7
1. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy

Elements Weight Percentage Atomic Percentage

Carbon 96.17 97.10
Oxygen 3.83 2.90

8
2. Scanning Electron Microscopy

5.0kx 10.0kx 25.0kx

10µm 5µm 2µm

9
Comparison with Literature:

Figure 1. Figure 2.
SEM image at 5µm SEM image at µm obtained form
Literature [13]
• The size of our sample is approximately 4-6µm where the SEM image of
literature comes out to be 4.5µm. This also proves our sample to be graphene
nanosheets [13]. 10
3. X-Ray Diffraction:

11
Comparison with Literature:

XRD pattern of Graphene nanosheet obtained from Literature

[16] 12
Applications:
• Graphene find their application in pharmaceuticals e.g.
chemotherapy, phototherapy, combo therapy etc. [19].
• They are also used in Li-ion storage batteries [20].
• Potential applications of graphene are also found in areas,
such as sensors, nanoelectronics and nanocomposites
materials [11].
• Graphene can be used in the manufacture of ideal
superconductor [21].
• In addition to electronic applications, graphene has also
been reported to improve the color of photonic crystals,
suggesting potential for applications in optical devices [22]

13
Contd..

• Graphene is a transparent and flexible conductor that holds

promise for various material/device
• applications, including solar cells, light-emitting diodes
(LED), touch panels and smart
• windows or phones [23].
• Graphene Nanosheets can also find their use in biomedical
application such as for
• Miniaturization of Potentiometric Cholesterol Biosensor [24].

14
Conclusions:
• The sample given to us was Graphene nanosheets.
• The sample in the form of sheets as observed from SEM and
compared with literature.
• We predict the size of Graphene nanosheet to be almost
6µm.
• The sample has shown crystallinity and this was observed
from XRD. The XRD and literature both show peak of 002
and 100.

15
References:
• [1] “Nanomaterials,” Wikipedia. 13-Nov-2017.
• [2] “History and Development of Nanomaterials.” [Online]. Available:
https://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3393. [Accessed:
20-Nov-2017].
• [3] Dongguang Wei, Rajesh Dave and Robert Pfeffer, “Mixing and
characterization of nanosized powders: An assessment of different
techniques,” Kluwer Acad. Publ., pp. 21–42, Nov. 2001.
• [4] “MIRA3.” TESCAN.
• [5] “GNR Explorer.” Analytical Instrument Group.
• [6] Richa Srivastava, “Synthesis and Characterization Techniques of
Nanomaterials,” Taylor Francis Group, pp. 17–27, Mar. 2012.
• [7] “Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,” Wikipedia. 27-Aug-2017.
• [8] “How an SEM works.” [Online]. Available:
http://www.nanoscience.com/technology/sem-technology/how-
sem-works/. [Accessed: 20-Nov-2017].
• [9] “X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD),” Techniques. [Online]. Available:
https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/techni
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16
References:
• [10] “jp-2012-03121n_0001.gif (GIF Image, 500 × 246 pixels).”
[Online].
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23/jp303121n/production/images/medium/jp-2012-
03121n_0001.gif. [Accessed: 20-Nov-2017].
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“Photocatalytic Behaviour of Nanocomposites of Sputtered Titanium
Oxide Film on Graphene Oxide Nanosheets,” Sci. Acad. Publ., pp. 12–
18, 2015.
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and Starch Nanocomposite Films,” Wiley Online Libr.
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“Large-scale production of high-quality graphene using glucose and
ferric chloride,” R. Soc. Chemsitry, 2014.
Impact Factor = 8.668
17
References:
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Impact Factor = 1.871
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Hao Liu, and Jane Yao, “Facile Synthesis and Characterization of
Graphene Nanosheets,” J. Phys. Chem. C, vol. 112,no. 22, pp. 8192–
8195, 2008.
Impact Factor = 4.536
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• [18] “Graphene,” Wikipedia. 16-Nov-2017.
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“Pharmaceutical Applications of Graphene-based Nanosheets,”
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 31-Oct-2013. [Online].
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20-Nov2017].
Impact Factor =1.61

18
References:
• [20] M. Zhong et al., “Interface coupling in graphene/fluorographene heterostructure
for highperformance graphene/silicon solar cells,” Nano Energy, vol.28, noSupplement
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Impact Factor = 12.343
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Storage Applications,” ACS Publ., vol. 116, no. 23, pp. 12475–12481, 2012.
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Sulfonyl Graphene Quantum Dots for Photonic Crystal Applications,” ACS Appl. Mater.
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Impact Factor = 7.504
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Biosens. Bioelectron., vol. 2, no. 3, Nov. 2011.
Impact Factor = 7.47 19