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BKF3463

UNIT OPERATION

Tutorial
Leaching

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Syed Mohd Saufi


2016-2017-II

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Final Exam 2016/17-I
Gold Mining Sdn. Bhd. had proposed to use pure cyanide solvent in their
countercurrent multistage leaching system to enhance the gold production.
The gold ore flowrate per hour is 1100 kg that consist of 27 wt. % of gold.
Pure cyanide solvent was able to extract 97 % of gold from the feed. The final
exit overflow solution contains 67 wt. % gold. The value for underflow is kept
constant at 1.75 kg insoluble solid/kg solution retained.

Calculate the amount and composition for all streams.

Calculate the total number of theoretical stages.

Calculate the total number of actual stages if the system has 75 % efficiency
of the process.

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Final Exam 2015/16-II QUESTION ERROR

Soybean is a one of the most popular drink in the world, they are processed to obtain
soy oil and vitamins for human consumption. To recover the soy oil, the bean is
leached with hexane solution to removed oil. In a process of producing soy oil, the oil
is leached from 100,000 kg /h of soybean flakes, containing 19% by weight oil, in a
single stage by 100,000 kg/h of a hexane solvent. The operation data indicate that the
oil content of flakes will be reduced to 0.5 wt %. Based on the leaching process
operation, the expected contents of the underflows is as Table 2 :
Assuming the leaching stages is ideal process; calculate the compositions and
flowrates of the underflow and over flow using graphical method. What percentage of
the oil in the feed is recovered in the overflow?
Table 2: Data underflow
Β, Mass fraction
of solids in 0.68 0.67 0.65 0.62 0.58 0.53
underflow
XB, Mass ratio
of solute in 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
underflow liquid

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Table 2: Data underflow
Β, Mass fraction
of solids in 0.68 0.67 0.65 0.62 0.58 0.53
underflow
XB, Mass ratio
of solute in 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
underflow liquid

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Final Exam 2015/16-I
Sugar needs to be leached from sugar beets using hot water as solvent in a
countercurrent multistages process. The underflow inlet contains 1050 kg of
sugar beets, 122 kg of sugar and 3 kg of hot water while 15% of sugar and 290
of sugar beets leave underflow stream. The underflow outlet stream is linear
with slope -3.5 that intersects at y-axis at 4.5 and 79 kg of pure hot water
entering the overflow system.

Calculate the amount of V1 (kg) and LN (kg).

Calculate the actual stages if the process efficiency is 91%.

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Final Exam 2014/15-II
Countercurrent multistage leaching was used to extract solute A from the
treated mineral. The feed charged to the extractor consists of 600 kg solute A,
1500 kg solid B and 600 kg solvent C. Pure solvent C was used in the process
with 90% of solute A was recovered in the exit overflow solution. The
concentration of solute A in the exit overflow solution is 15wt.%. The
underflow outlet stream has constant value of N = 0.5 kg solute A/ kg
solution.

Determine the number of stage required.

Calculate the amount of pure solvent C used for the leaching process above.

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Final Exam 2014/15-I
Cod oil extracted from granulated cod livers in a countercurrent multi-batch
arrangement using ether as the solvent. 100 kg fresh livers containing 35% oil
are to be extracted with pure ether and it is desired to obtain a 90% oil
recovery. 50 kg of pure ether is used to extract the fresh livers.

Draw a process flow for countercurrent multistage leaching.


Calculate:
i. The number of theoretical stages required.
ii. The inlet inert concentration, No
iii. The outlet inert concentration, NN
iv. The outlet underflow stream, LN
V. The outlet overflow stream, Vj
If the percentage of oil recovery increases up to 98%, what will happen to the overall operating
cost? Why?
If the mass of pure solvent decreases, what will happen to the number of theoretical stages?
Why?

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Final Exam 2013/14-II
Caustic soda (CaCO3) is manufactured by the lime-soda process in the following reaction.
Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2  CaCO3 + 2NaOH
A solution of 60 wt.% sodium carbonate in water was treated with the theoretical requirement
of lime for producing 1000 kg/h caustic soda. After the reaction is complete, a multistage
countercurrent leaching was used to extract the NaOH from the sludge formed in the reaction
products. Pure water was used to leach NaOH from the sludge with 80% NaOH recovery. CaCO3 is
assumed to be completely insoluble in water. The concentration of NaOH in the overflow stream
is x1 = 0.2. The composition of underflow stream is shown in Table 1. The molecular weight of
Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, and NaOH are 106, 74, 100 and 40 respectively.

Calculate the amounts and compositions of the stream leaving the process.

Determine the number of stages required.

Table 1: Data on countercurrent multistage leaching process


N kg inert solid B/kg solution 0.667 0.571 0.455 0.370 0.278 0.180
yA kg NaOH/kg solution 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25

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Final Exam 2013/14-I
Fresh halibut livers containing 25.7 wt % oil are to be extracted with pure
ethyl ether to remove 95% of the oil in a countercurrent multistage leaching
process. The feed rate is 1000 kg of fresh livers per hour. The final exit
overflow solution is to contain 70 wt % oil. The retention of solution by the
inert solids (oil-free liver) of the liver varies as shown in Table 2, where N is kg
inert solid/kg solution retained and yA is kg oil/kg solution.
Calculate the amounts and compositions of the exit streams.
Determine the total number of theoretical stages required.
Table 2: Data for N vs. yA
N (kg inert solid/kg solution retained) yA (kg oil/kg solution)
4.88 0
3.50 0.2
2.47 0.4
1.67 0.6
1.39 0.81

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Thank You

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