Introduction

BIOCOMPATIBILITY
OF BIOMATERIALS
drg.DEDI SUMANTRI, MDSc

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Biomaterials

play a very important role

in the success of all
medical treatments

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 Biocompatibility

Is the ability of a material to

perform with an appropriate
host response in a specific
application

Interaction between BODY and MATERIAL which

creates an INTERFACE (Annusavice, 2009 )
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In medicine and dentistry also the concept of
"biocompatibility" is very important

The search for materials that will minimise

the immune system reaction is one of the
driving forces of bio-medicine and
biomedical technology

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Biological response depends on the interactions that
results from the biological interface when a material is
placed in the body 55
 Interaction in Biocompatibility

PATIENT

MATERIAL MATERIAL
FUNCTION PROPERTIES

BIOCOMPATIBILITY

Principles of Biocompatibility for Dental Practitioners. J Prosth Dent.66

 Biocompatibility

a. Main FACTOR in using biomaterial

b. Correlation between FUNTION and RESPONSE
c. Depends on the COMPOSITION and CHEMICAL
properties
d. Response might be SISTEMIC or LOCAL

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a. NEGATIVE EFFECT

1. TOXIC dose and time

2. ALLERGY immune system
( Anusavice, pg 174 )

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b. FUNCTION and RESPONSE

Dental Medicaments
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www.ceramcodental.com /treatment/implant1.jpg 10
Dental Instrument

a. Material
b. Heat and speed
c. Form and size
Inflammation

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c. ACTIVE COMPONENT
and CHEMICAL PROPERTY

Acrylic Resin Methyl Methacrylate

Amalgam Mercury
Herbs Flavonoide

Merck Index
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d. SYSTEMIC and LOCAL

Menyebar ke seluruh tubuh melalui

proses absorpsi dalam pencernaan,
penghisapan uap, pelepasan senyawa
melalui ujung akar gigi, atau absorpsi
melalui mukosa rongga mulut

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 d. SYSTEMIC and LOCAL

Get acces to the body through ingestion,

inhalation of vapour, absorption through
the oral mucosa by the distribution of blood

Might occur in the pulp, in the periodontium,

mucosa or the tongue

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 Why is
biocompatibility
important ?

Safety of the Safety of the

PATIENT DOCTOR
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Patient

Dynamic ongoing process

response of the
body may change

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Material Properties

PARACELCUS
Chemically no inert materials

All chemical compounds are toxic

Potential for corrosion
Surface has a critical point in the
biocompatibility of a material 17
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Corrosion
1. Degradation of metal substance which is placed in
the body
2. Can lead to mechanical failure of the material
3. The release of corrosion products may elicit an
adverse biological reaction in the host
4. Corrosion products have been implicated in
causing local pain and swelling in the region of
the material

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 http://www.homeopathic-dentistry.com/wp-
content/uploads/2009/03/decay-under-amalgam-3-after.jpg

http://www.homeopathic-dentistry.com/16/hidden-decay-under-old-
amalgam-filling/ 19
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We are presently being exposed to hundreds of thousands
of toxic compounds in the form of inorganic chemicals
and toxic metals
These substances are everywhere, from the air we
breathe, the foods we eat, the water we drink, the water we
bathe, the pharmaceuticals we take, the materials we
implant, the smoke we inhale . . . . .

So what happen to these substances ?

Studies indicate that we have around 800 toxic metal and
chemical residues stored in our cells, tissues and organs
The body cannot metabolize most of these chemicals and
metals. They accumulate in our cells, organs and in the
central nervous system. One major symptom of chemical
and heavy metal toxicity is the break-down of the immune
system 20
 Most Common Sources of Metal and
Chemical Toxicity

LEAD
ARSENIC
MERCURY

http: // shirleys wellness caf.com//amalgam.htm DAN dentalarticles.com 21

 Arsenic
a. As pulp devitalizer . A small dose
will cause light vasodilatation, big
dose will cause toxicity
b. The working mechanism is very
fast, and causes a very painfull
feeling

MSDS - Arsenic 22
23
Dangers of arsenic poisoning

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Amalgam Mercury

Dental amalgam contains 50% mercury

Mercury has been scientifically
demonstrated to be more toxic even than
arsenic
Controversy has never disaapeared ADA
claimed the safety of amalgam (cheap,
durable, strong)
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MSDS Mercury; Wikipedia free encyclopedia
The most common source of toxicity is mercury from
dental fillings. Mercury is NOT locked safely in the metal
bonds in the teeth, but leak slowly into the BODY

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A new amalgam inside a polished tooth will
leaked as mercury vapor and entered the
blood stream
The black holes are where the mercury
used to be some 40% has evaporated in
only ten years 27
 A tooth that had been built-up using a
mercury amalgam filling where the poisons
were pouring directly into the blood.
Patient had sore throat that felt like a knife
was piercing every time she swallowed. 28
Acrylic Resin Methyl Methacrylate

a. Has been recommended as denture base

material
b. Derives from monomer methyl methacrylate
(MMA)
c. Residual monomers (MMA) can ellicit
irritation in the oral mucosa. Data prooves
this compound may produce carcinogenic
effects
d. Surface roughness may cause the adherence
of oral biofilm Candidiasis 29
 Surface characterization affects the
addition process and biofilm formation

Candida albicans

Oral candidiasis

Biofilm
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Residual Monomer

Polymerization is seldom ended

completely
High concentration of residual
monomer can act as plasticizer and
result in lowering the strength
Residual monomer molecules can leach
from the polymeric material and cause
adverse reactions to the denture wearer
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TERIMA KASIH
10.09.2015

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