Analysis of Rankine Cycle with FWHs

P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
I I T Delhi

Engineering solution to Pure Thoughts ....

Regeneration Cycle with Open FWH
 Synthesis of Rankine Cycle with OFWH

S4 m 1 m mix s4 S5 m 1 m mix s5

T 6
4 p2=p6 6
S3 S2 m mix smix S6 S5 m mix s5
3
2 mix s5
m
S1 m
1 s1 S2 m 1 s2
1
7
m 1

S
 Analysis of OFWH

h6
y

h2
h3
1-y
Conservation of energy:

y h6 1 y h2 h3 y h6 h2 h3 h2

h3 h2
y
h6 h2
 Analysis of Regeneration through OFWH
h3 h2
y
h6 h2

Q in mh5 h4

Q Out m1 y h7 h1

W net W bleed W cond W pumps

h2 h1 & h4 h3 W pumps 0

y h5 h6 1 y h5 h7
W net W bleed W cond m

m y h5 h6 1 y h5 h7
W net

m h5 h4

Q in

y h5 h6 1 y h5 h7
h5 h3
y h5 h6 1 y h5 h7

h5 h3 h5 h3
h3 h2 h3 h1
y
h6 h2 h6 h1
 Performance of FWH Cycle

0.49 ~ 12MPa
0.485
0.48
0.475
total 0.47
0.465
0.46
0.455
0.45
0 5 10 15 20

pregen, MPa
 Workoutput of bleed Steam

200 ~ 12MPa
180
160 y h5 h6
140
wbleed

120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 5 10 15 20

pregen, MPa
 Workoutput of bleed Steam

1600
1400
1200
1000
wbleed

800
600
400
200
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
 Workoutput of bleed Steam

1600
1400
1200
1000
wbleed

800
600
400
200
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
 Progress in Rankine Cycle
Year 1907 1919 1938 1950 1958 1959 1966 1973 1975

MW 5 20 30 60 120 200 500 660 1300

p,MPa 1.3 1.4 4.1 6.2 10.3 16.2 15.9 15.9 24.1

Th oC 260 316 454 482 538 566 566 565 538

Tr oC -- -- -- -- 538 538 566 565 538

FHW -- 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 8

Pc,kPa 13.5 5.1 4.5 3.4 3.7 3.7 4.4 5.4 5.1

,% -- ~17 27.6 30.5 35.6 37.5 39.8 39.5 40

Open (Direct Contact) Feed Water Heater
Closed Feed Water Heater (Pumped Condensate)
Closed Feed Water Heater (Throttled Condensate)
Closed Feed Water Heater (Expanded
Condensate)
Thermodynamic Analysis of A Power Plant
 ANALYSIS OF ith FEED WATER HEATER

Mass entering the turbine is m SG

m SG
STEAM
IN STEAM TURBINE

Mass of steam leaving the

STEAM
turbine is OUT
y(i+1)
n
yi, yn,
m cond m SG 1 yi hbi hb(i+1) hbn

i 1

mie , mi,i,
hfi hf(i+1)
 RESULTS
GENERATIONS = 5000 /// NO OF FEED HEATERS = 6
S.NO Pmax Tmax Tmin Pmin Thermal Efficiency
Mpa oC oC Mpa H = constant T = constant Simulated

1 12.75 535 25.7 0.0033 43.4 47.6 50.64

2 23.5 540 26 0.0034 30.8 36.97 53.54
3 12.74 565 23.97 0.00298 44.39 46.72 51.2
4 15 550 40 0.0074 46.73 50.285 53.99
5 16.5 535 40 0.01 38.8 43.08 49.022
 RESULTS

S.NO Pmax Tmax Tmin Pmin W bledsteam Popt

1 12.75 535 25.7 0.0033 234.2 7.28 , 4.88 , 3.42 , 3.09 , 1.326 , 0.276
2 23.5 540 26 0.0034 302.09 5.3 , 2.23 , 1.096 , 0.779 , 0.651 , 0.0674
3 12.74 565 23.97 0.00298 242.16 8.28, 4.88, 3.7792, 2.0907, 0.48, 0.2597
4 15 550 40 0.0074 270.3 7.28 , 4.88 , 3.42 , 3.09 , 1.326 , 0.276
5 16.5 535 40 0.01 249.589 5.293, 2.33, 1.096, 0.779, 0.651, 0.0674
 RESULTS

NO OF FEED HEATERS = 6
S.NO H2 Pmax Tmax Tmin Pmin THERMAL EFFICIENCY
Simulated

1 1465 16.75 535 25.7 0.0033 49.19

2 1500 16.75 535 25.7 0.0033 49.022
3 1550 16.75 535 25.7 0.0033 49.022
4 1600 16.75 535 25.7 0.0033 49.022
 Block Diagram of A Large Steam Turbine
Main Steam Reheat Steam
HP

IP

Steam for LP LP
Reheating

OFWH 4
CFWH 3

CFWH 6 CFWH 5 CFWH 2

CFWH 1

Condenser
Phigh

Plow
 Reheat-Regeneration
cycle

Regeneration cycle

Improvement in efficiency due to reheating in a reheat-

regeneration cycle
 Heater Selection and Final Feedwater
Temperature
In order to maximize the heat rate gain possible with ultra-
supercritical steam conditions, the feedwater heater arrangement
also needs to be optimized.
In general, the selection of higher steam conditions will result in
additional feedwater heaters and a economically optimal higher
final feedwater temperature.
In many cases the selection of a heater above the reheat point
(HARP) will also be warranted.
The use of a separate desuperheater ahead of the top heater for
units with a HARP can result in additional gains in unit
performance.
Typical Single Reheat Heater Cycle with HARP
Effect of Final Feedwater Temperature and Reheat Pressure on
Turbine Net Heat Rate
Double Reheat Cycle with Heater above Reheat Point
 Double Reheat Super Critical Plants

Net efficiency on natural gas is expected to reach 49%.

Net efficiency on coal is expected to reach 47%.
Advanced 700 8C Pulverised Coal-fired Power Plant Project