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Chapter 6
Chemical Periodicity
The periodic table is arranged in rows
according to increasing atomic number.
Physical and chemical properties of the
elements can be explained by electron
configurations or positions in the periodic
table.
Recall that the periodic table is organized in
blocks according to subshell being filled.
The Periodic Table
The periodic table is organized into groups
or columns with similar electron
configurations.
Na and K
O and S
For this reason, the elements in a group will
have similar chemical and physical
properties.
Above examples and also halogens and inert
gases.
The Periodic Table
Main group elements
A group elements (periodic table)
Where is the last electron placed?
Representative elements are the first three period of the
main group elements
H to Ar
Noble gases (part of the A group)
Group VIIIA
Where is the last electron? Outermost shell?
Demonstration: Noble gas electron configuration
The Periodic Table
d-transition elements
B group elements (identify on the table)
How many series or periods?
2
Z
En eff
2
n
Discuss the dependencies:
Decreasing the value of n?
Increasing Zeff?
Factors that Influence the Energy
of the Electron
3. Interactions among electrons
Placing electrons in the same orbital creates
repulsions.
What affect will this have on the electron?
Examine Figure 6-1 and Table 6-1. What are the trends? Why?
Ionization Energy
Ionization energy
down a column?
Ionization energy
across a period?
Na through Ar
Explain the trend
This is a periodicity
pattern. Holds well for
Group A.
Ionization Energies Electron
Configurations
Trends for IEs in the group of the
representative elements can partially be
explained by electron configurations.
Why?
Group IA, the alkali metals, has the lowest IEs.
1st and 2nd ionization energies for Na
Group IIA trends
1st, 2nd, and 3rd ionization energies Why is there a
large relative increase in the 3rd ionization energy?
Ionization Energies - Reactivity
Elements with low or high ionization
energies form _______________.
Which groups in A?