15ME105L Engineering Graphics

Week 12: Building Drawing

 Schedule

12
 Building Drawing
In Building drawing, a building is considered
as an object, and the drawings are prepared.
The top view(plan), front view (elevation) and
sectional view (Sectional elevation) are drawn,
by considering the dimension of the room sizes
and components of a building.
There are two categories of buildings
- Residential building
- Office building
 REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD DRAWING
Drawing should be clear, simple and clean.
Should agree with the actual measurements by the
accurately drawn scaled measurements.
Exact information should be provided in order to
carry out the work at site without scaling for
missing measurements.
Only minimum notes to support the drawings
should be indicated in the drawings.
Sufficient space should be provided between the
views so as to mark the dimensions without
crowding.
 CONVENTIONAL SIGNS AND SYMBOLS
The Bureau of Indian standards (B.I.S) has
recommended the conventional signs and symbols
for the following purposes.
Avoid confusion and to understand the drawings
Save the time in making out various details in the
drawing
Identify the various details of materials, Electrical
fixtures, water supply and sanitary fittings,
Position of furnitures etc.
To prevent any dispute between contractor and
owner in the actual construction of the structure.
 Symbols for Building material
Different building material symbols as per IS 962 :1989
 Different Building material
Brick
Bricks are made from clay.
BIS recommended standard 190 mm X 90 mm
X 90mm with 10 mm cement mortar thickness.
Stones
Stone are obtained from rocks.
The bigger size used in stone masonry
and smaller size are used to prepare the cement concrete.
Cement
It is a binding material and which has adhesives and cohesive properties.
Sand
It is a fine aggregate used in the preparation of cement mortar and
concrete.
 Different Building material
Steel
It is an alloy which consist of carbon and iron. Steel rods with round cross section
of diameter 6 mm to 32 mm are used in Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC).
Timber
Timber is the wood
The bigger size used in stone masonry
and smaller size are used to prepare the cement concrete.
Concrete
Cement, Gravel, sand are mixed together (1:3:3) with required quantity of water to
get a workable plastic mixture known as concrete.
Cement mortar
It consist of cement and fine aggregate with required quantity of water, as a
workable paste is called as cement mortar. 5:1 for above ground, 3:1 for
foundation and 8:1 for inner walls.
Masonry
The art of building a structure in stones or bricks is called masonry.
Doors & Windows
Important terms in building construction
 Important terms in building construction
Foundation
The portion of the building below the ground level.
Super structure
The portion of the building above the ground level.
Basement
Basement is the lower store of the building below the ground level .
Plinth
The portion of the building between the ground and floor level in the
super structure.
Wall
The portion of the super structure which carry the load of the roof is
called as the wall.
Parapet Wall
The wall build above the flat roof, which provides safety to the people.
 Important terms in building construction
Flooring
The horizontal surface at the plinth level in a building is called as flooring.
Sill level
The horizontal bottom level of the window is called sill level.
Roofing
The RCC slab used to cover the building.
Ceiling
The bottom surface of roof slab, seen inside a room is called as ceiling.
Plinth beam
The RCC beam constructed in the plinth which is used to transfer the load
of the building uniformly , on the foundation is called as plinth beam.
Lintel beam
The RCC beam constructed above the window and door openings to
support the brick work above, is called as lintel beam.
 Important terms in building construction
Sunshade
It is a horizontal RCC slab provided above the windows and doors to
prevent sunlight and rain water entry into the rooms .
Steps
Steps are build to enable us to reach a floor and generally constructed in the
brick work, on a plain cement concrete bed of thickness 100 mm to 200
mm.
Stairs
A stairs has set of steps leading from one floor to another.
Partition wall
It used to make separation in a room..
Carpet area
The area of a building which is useful or livable is called as carpet area.
 Views of a building
Isometric view
Top view (Plan)
Front view (Elevation)
Sectional view
Isometric view
 Plan
Plan of building represents a horizontal
section of building at given height (sill level
of the window) seen from top.
The plan shows the arrangement of rooms,
varandah or corrider, position of door, and
window and other openings along with their
respective sizes.
The dimension of the room indicated as
Breath x Length
Methods to obtain plan
Plan of a building
 Elevation
Elevation or front view is the
outward view of a completed
building along any side of the
building.
When a building is seen by
standing in front of it, the view that
can be viewed is known as front
elevation.
Similarly backside view is called
rear elevation or from any side of it
which is known as side elevation.
 Sectional View
Section is also known as vertical section and sectional
elevation or cross section.
It is imagined that a finished buildings is cut vertically
along a line so that the building is separated into two
portions along the imagined vertical plane right from top
of the building to the lowest part of foundation.
The necessity of the section is to indicate all the vertical
dimensions like, foundation details, basement, details of
flooring, height of super structure, sizes of doors,
windows, almairahs, cupboards, other openings, thickness
of roofing, width and depth of parapet wall, lintels,
sunshades, portico and other details.
Sectional view
Building Drawing
 Computer Aided Drafting
Complete the following drawings using drafting
tools

Duration: 3 periods
 Practice problem 1
Draw a plan, elevation and
sectional view of a police
outpost, the line plan of
which is shown in the
following figure. Also
draw the sectional view on
AA.
Solution
 Practice problem 2
Draw a plan, elevation and sectional view of a post office, the line plan of
which is shown in the following figure. Also draw the sectional view on AA.
Elevation
Plan
Section on A-A
 Practice problem 3
Draw the plan and of an
Low Income Group (LIG)
house, the line plan of
which is shown in the
following figure.
Elevation
Plan
 Practice problem 4
Draw a plan, elevation and sectional view of an out house, the line plan of which
is shown in the following figure. Also draw the sectional view on XX.
Elevation
Plan
Sectional elevation