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EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS ON

HUMANS AND OTHER LIVING


ORGANISMS

KANZA, MAHNOOR, ARFA


ENVR 252
WHAT ARE POLLUTANTS?

Pollutant is, by definition, any substance,


as certain chemicals or waste products,
that renders the air, soil, water, or other
natural resource harmful or unsuitable for
a specific purpose.
It is not an exaggeration when we
listen or read somewhere that
millions of deaths occur all around
the world due to various types of
pollution.
Under very conservative estimates
nearly fifty percent deaths per year
over the world occur due to the
harmful effects of pollution which
take the life very slowly.
WELL BE TALKING ABOUT THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON
HUMANS AND OTHER LIVING ORGANISMS.
This shall fall into two categories:
1) Biological effects of pollution:
Effects of Air Pollution human and animal life/trees and plants
Effects of Water Pollution on human and animal life/trees and plants
Effects of Land Pollution on human and animal life
Effects of Noise Pollution on human and animal life
Effects of Soil Pollution on trees and plants
2) Physical Effects Of pollution:
Effects on Ecosystem
Effects on Environment
Effects on Development
Effects on Infrastructure
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON HUMANS
t weakens the lungs to function well
It causes irritation of eyes, nose, mouth and throat
It brings on asthma attacks
It causes respiratory symptoms such as coughing and wheezing
It increases the chances of respiratory diseases such as bronchitis
It reduces the energy levels
It is the main reason of headaches and dizziness
It causes disruption of reproductive and immune systems
It is the cause of neuro behavioral disorders
It creates cardiovascular problems
It may cause cancer due to presence of carcinogenic contents in it
It causes premature death
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON HUMANS

The consumption or contact with polluted water by the


hazardous chemicals causes following diseases
Cancer, including prostate cancer
Hormonal problems which may hit reproductive and
developmental processes
Harms to the nervous system
Damage to the liver and kidney
Impairment to the DNA
EFFECTS OF LAND POLLUTION ON HUMANS

Direct contact with the polluted soil may cause cancer including
leukemia
Lead in soil is especially hazardous for young children and retards brain
growth
Mercury increases the risk of damage to the kidney
Polluted land causes neuro muscular blockage
It may depress the central nervous system of the human body
It also causes headaches, nausea, fatigue, eye irritation and skin rash
EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION ON HUMANS

Noise beyond the permissible limits damages


hearing
It causes irritation in attitude
It reduces the tolerance level
It creates hypertension
It causes undue fatigue
It loosens confidence level
It affects mental sharpness
It weakens decision power
EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON ANIMAL LIFE

Formation of the acid rain in the air damages


fish life in lakes and streams
Rays from ozone layer with excessive
ultraviolet radiation coming from the sun
may cause skin cancer in animals
Rays from ozone in the lower atmosphere
may destroy lung tissues of the animals
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON ANIMAL LIFE

Pollution nutrients cause excessive growth of toxic algae


leading to the outbreak of diseases in fish
Chemically contaminated water suppresses frog and tadpole
biodiversity
Oil pollution damages the growth of sea birds
Polluted water retards the reproductive efficiency of animals
Persistent organic pollutants contain the growth of fish and
wipe out their breed
Excessive quantity of sodium chloride in water may kill
animals
EFFECTS OF LAND POLLUTION ON ANIMAL LIFE

Polluted soil may affect metabolism


of microorganisms and arthropods
which may contain the primary food
chain putting negative impact on
predator species
Insects may eat polluted soil which
hits their biodiversity
EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION ON ANIMAL LIFE

Like human beings, animals are also


vulnerable to excessive noise and
their nervous system may weaken
Effects of noise on their nerves may
make them quite unpredictable and
they become so dangerous
Animals loosen the grip over their
mind because of noise beyond
tolerable limits
EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON TREES AND PLANTS

Acid rains because of air pollution damages the


trees and plants
Ultraviolet radiation from the sun owing to the hole
in ozone layer directly impacts the trees and plants
and deprives them of their natural features
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON TREES AND PLANTS

It causes disruption in photosynthesis in aquatic


plants with eventual negative impact on
ecosystem
Contaminated water destroys flora and fauna in
the water
Excessive sodium chloride in water affects the
growth of the plants in the water
EFFECTS OF SOIL POLLUTION ON TREES AND PLANTS

It reduce the crop yields owing to alteration in


metabolism of plants
Trees and plants may intake oil contaminants and
transfer them into food produce
PHYSICAL EFFECTS
EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON ECOSYSTEM

It weakens the ecosystem


It shrinks the biodiversity
It retards the growth of life
EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON ENVIRONMENT

It impairs the natural beauty


It deprives the environment
of its natural features
It depletes the natural
resources causing shortages
EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON INFRASTRUCTURE

It weakens the soundness of the


infrastructure because of its
gradual negative impacts.
It causes sippage, rusting and
various persistent depletion in
the formation of infrastructure.
EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON DEVELOPMENT

It slows the process of development


It impede the development cycle
because of its negative impacts on
each uplift activity
It makes the process of development
so difficult because of its hurdles at
every stage
HOW CAN WE REDUCE THESE
EFFECTS
CONTROLLING THE EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION

Maintaining a healthy distance between the industrial and residential areas.


The chimneys should be constructed tall in size so that the emissions must be
released higher up in the environment.
The sulphur must be removed after burning.
The gasoline must have anti-knocking agents.
The mining areas should be planted with trees. The coal fuel should be
replaced with gas fuel to control air pollution.
The automobiles must be designed with emission control system
The wastes must be removed and recycled in the industrial plants
and refineries.
Plants like pines and ribes need to be planted to metabolize the
nitrogen oxides and other pollutants
Timely servicing of the car helps to keep it in a good condition, and
also minimizes fuel exhaustion.
Using public transportation helps to prevent the air pollution.
Using alternative energy sources like solar energy, hydroelectric
energy and wind energy.
CONTROLLING THE EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION

Conserve water by turning off the tap.


Mind what you throw down your sink or toilet.
Dont throw paints and oils in water channels.
Use environment friendly household products, such as washing powder, household
cleaning agents etc.
Take great care not to use overuse pesticides and fertilizers.
Dont throw litter into rivers, lakes or oceans. Help clean up any litter you see in beaches or
in rivers and lakes, make sure it is safe to collect the litter and put it in a nearby dustbin.
Suspended solid particles and inorganic material can be removed by the use of filters.
Use of biological filters and processes can naturally degrade the organic waste material.
CONTROLLING EFFECTS OF LIGHT POLLUTION

Excessive lightning should be avoided.


For lightening an applicable design should be followed.
Light engineering should be applied for streets.
Turn off appliances and lights when you leave the room.
CONTROLLING EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION
By constructing soundproof buildings, the menace of sound
pollution can be minimized.
Plants also help in controlling noise pollution because they absorb
high frequency sound waves. Thus, planting trees along the roads
help in controlling noise pollution.
Speaking at low voices enough for communication reduces the
excess noise levels.
CONTROLLING EFFECTS OF SOIL POLLUTION

Limit the use of fertilizers and pesticides.


Awareness about biological control methods and their implementation.
The grazing must be controlled and forest management should be done properly.
The afforestation and reforestation must take place.
Proper preventive methods like shields should be used in areas of wind erosion and
wind breaks.
Treating waste of industries.
Treating nuclear waste.
Proper disposing of plastics and other garbage materials.
THANKYOU!!!

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