Sant Longowal Institute of

Engineering and Technology

Project on- Brakes

Submitted by-
Submitted to- Name- Swapnil
Mr. A.S Sahi Modak
Trade- Mechanical
(welding)
R.No.- GWT132902
 CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Types of Brakes
3. Comparison
3. Components of Brakes
4. Brake Fluid
5. Braking System
7. Calliper Position
8.References
Definition
A brake is a mechanical device which is used to either slow
down or stop a moving vehicle effectively in variable
conditions.

Principle
Pascals Law- It states that pressure exerted anywhere in a
confined incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all
direction throughout the fluid.

Fig. 1
 Types of brakes
Drum brakes-
Disc Brakes-
 DISC VS DRUM BRAKES
Properties Drum Brakes Disc Brakes

Stopping power Low & takes time High & takes much less time

Heat dissipation Less (a compact type More (directly open to

system) surrounding)

Damage More (due to entrapped Less (as heat gets

overheat) transferred to environment)

Maintenance Difficult (need to open Easy (fitted externally so

whole of its assembly to easy to repair)
repair)

Adaptability to Technology Can not be used with ABS Can be used with ABS
 BASIC COMPONENTS OF BRAKE
Brake Pedal

Master Cylinder

Brake Lines and Hoses

Calipers

Pistons

Brake Pads

Rotors Fig. 2
 MASTER CYLINDER
The master cylinder is a
control device that
converts non-hydraulic
pressure (commonly
from a driver's foot) Fig. 4
into hydraulic pressure.

Fig. 5
 BRAKE LINES AND HOSES
Brake lines are used to
transfer brake fluid from
master cylinder to calipers.
Fig. 6 Brake Line
Steel brake lines are used.

Brake hoses are used nearer

to the wheel for allowing
wheel movement.

Standard brake hoses are

made up of rubber. Fig. 7 Brake Hose
 CALIPERS
Mainly two types of calipers

Fig. 8 Fixed caliper Fig. 9 Floating caliper

 BRAKE PADS
Characteristics for selection brake pad are as follows:
1. Must provide resistance to brake fade.
2. The ability to recover quickly from either increased temperature or
moisture.
3. The ability of the material to provide smooth, even contact with the
rotor or drum
Material Advantages Disadvantages
Semi- Readily available Causes quicker
metallic Inexpensive, worn on rotor,
Durable Heavy
Organic Quieter, Wear quickly
Environmental
friendly
Ceramics Light weight, Expensive
Incredibly durable
Asbestos Good for absorbing Carcinogenic Fig. 9
and dissipating heat properties
 TYPES OF ROTORS

Fig. 11 Solid Type Fig. 12 Vented Type Fig. 13 Slotted Type

Fig. 14 Cross Drilled Type Fig. 15 Slotted Drilled Type

 BRAKE FLUID
Characteristics:
It must have high boiling point.
It must maintain a constant viscosity under a wide range of
temperatures.
Brake fluid must not corrode the brake callipers , master
cylinder.
Brake fluid must maintain a low level of compressibility at
high temperatures.

Components:
Castor oil-based (pre-DOT, DOT 2)
Glycol-based (DOT 3, 4, 5.1)
Silicone-based (DOT 5)
Fig. 17
 BRAKING SYSTEMS
1.Diagonally Split
Maintain braking ability on
emergency one brake line
failure.
Requires two proportioning
valve

2.Longitudinally Split
Increased chances of skidding
on emergency one brake line
failure.
Requires only one
proportioning valve. Fig. 18
 CALLIPER POSITION
S. No. Position Characteristic

1 12 oclock This position is not generally used because it interferes with

the suspension packaging
2 3 oclock Better cooling as the calliper doesnt interfere with the
natural air coming to the rotor
3 6 oclock Not effective in muddy areas.

4 9 oclock Calliper interferes with the atmospheric air coming to the

rotor

3 oclock 6 oclock
Fig. 23 Fig. 24
 REFERENCES
Fig.1- http://d2vlcm61l7u1fs.cloudfront.net/media/250/2509d0e0-b0f4-44a8-
b2b5-fc808ec7e815/phpjaku60.png
Fig.2-http://www.brakewarehouse.com/checking-brakes.html
Fig.3-
http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v215/Boony405hp/944BRPDLRATIO_zps97fc
68a7.jpg
Fig.4-
http://images.apwcontent.com/is/image/Autos/wrepl270902ats_is?wid=250&hei
=250&DefaultImage=noimage
Fig.5-http://www.aa1car.com/library/brake_master_cylinder.gif
Fig.6-https://www.etrailer.com/Accessories-and Parts/Titan/T1086700.html
Fig.7-http://pagltd.co.uk/brake-hoses/
Fig.8-http://www.motorcyclespecs.co.za/Techinicale/Acronyms/Calipers.htm
Fig.9-http://www.auto-52.com/?page_id=401
Fig.10-http://www.fricmart.com/brake-pads/
Fig.11,12-http://maxbrakes.com/ft-1793-technical-support.html
Fig.13-
http://b.cdnbrm.com/images/products/med/brakes/power_slot_slotted_rotors.jp
g
Fig.14-
https://1c2a8a2161d644d9500922d26b38e78c173d82b3a9a01c774ffa.ssl.cf1.rack
cdn.com/image/brakes/brakes_e46m3_rotor_front_lg.jpg
Fig.15- http://www.racingbrake.com/v/vspfiles/images/hp%20rotor%20page.jpg
Fig.16- http://www.pirate4x4.com/tech/billavista/Brakes/
Fig.17- http://i1.adis.ws/i/washford/343720?$pd_main_v2$
Fig.18- http://www.tpub.com/basae/11011_files/image616.jpg
Fig.19- http://theamcpages.com/images/brakes/metering-valve.jpg
Fig.20-http://www.freeasestudyguides.com/graphics/proportioning-valve.png
Fig.21- http://www.birdman308.com/service/master-cylinder/differential-
pressure-switch.jpg
Fig.22- http://www.fordification.net/board/tuts/brake-combo-valve.png
Fig.23- http://www.m250.co.uk/images/build116_l.jpg
Fig.24-
http://i1360.photobucket.com/albums/r645/bfadalbumtres/13WL%20TBU/55_zps
24972be0.jpg
Fig.25-http://img.estadao.com.br/jornal-docarro/imagens/noticia/Brembo-
Brakes.jpg
Fig.26-http://www.ematg.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/hot-brake-disc-
disc1.jpg
Fig.27-http://media.wiley.com/Lux/71/131171.image2.jpg?h=400&w=527