Waiting Lines 2

Assignment 1: M/M/1 Performance Evaluation
Example: The arrival rate to a GAP store is 6 customers

per hour and has Poisson distribution. The service time is
5 min per customer and has exponential distribution.
a) On average how many customers are in the waiting line?
b) How long does a customer stay in the line?
c) How long does a customer stay in the processor (with the
server)?
d) On average how many customers are there with the
server?
e) On average how many customers are in the system?
f) On average how long does a customer stay in the system?
Operations Management: Waiting Lines 2 Ardavan Asef-Vaziri Jan-2011 1

M/M/1 Performance Evaluation
R = 6 customers per hour

Rp =1/5 customer per minute, or 60(1/5) = 12/hour
U= R/Rp = 6/12 = 0.5
a) On average how many customers are there in the
waiting line?
U 2( c 1) Ca C p
2 2
Ii
1U 2
2 (11)
1 1 2 2 0.52
Ii
0.5
Ii 0.5
1 0.5 2 0.5
GAP Example
b) How long does a customer stays in the line?
RTi I i 6Ti 0.5 Ti 0.5 / 6 hour

Ti 60(0.5 / 6) 5 minutes
c) How long does a customer stay in the processor (with the

server)?
Tp 5 minutes

server?
I p ? Ip TpR (5)(1 / 10) 0.5 Alternativ ely, I p cU 1(0.5) 0.5

e) On average how many customers are in the system?
I ? I I i I p 0.5 0.5 1
f) On average how long does a customer stay in the
system?
T Ti Tp 5 5 10 min

Assignment 2: M/M/1 Performance Evaluation
What if the arrival rate is 11 per hour? Processing rate is

still Rp=12
R 11
U
Rp 12 2
11

U2
10.08
12
Ii
1 U 1 11
12
RTi I i 11Ti 10.08
Ti 10.08 / 11 0.91667 hours or 55 min

As the utilization rate increases to 1 (100%) the

number of customers in line (system) and the waiting
time in line (in system) is increasing exponentially.
c R Rp U Ii Ti (min) Tp T Ip I
1 6 12 0.50 0.50 5 5 10 0.50 1
1 7 12 0.58 0.82 7 5 12 0.58 1.4
1 8 12 0.67 1.33 10 5 15 0.67 2
1 9 12 0.75 2.25 15 5 20 0.75 3
1 10 12 0.83 4.17 25 5 30 0.83 5
1 11 12 0.92 10.08 55 5 60 0.92 11
1 11.1 12 0.93 11.41 61.7 5 66.7 0.93 12.33
1 11.2 12 0.93 13.07 70 5 75 0.93 14
1 11.3 12 0.94 15.20 80.7 5 85.7 0.94 16.14
1 11.4 12 0.95 18.05 95 5 100 0.95 19
1 11.5 12 0.96 22.04 115 5 120 0.96 23
1 11.6 12 0.97 28.03 145 5 150 0.97 29
1 11.7 12 0.98 38.03 195 5 200 0.98 39
1 11.9 12 0.99 118.01 595 5 600 0.99 119

Assignment 3: M/G/c
A local GAP store on average has 10 customers per hour for the
checkout line. The inter-arrival time follows the exponential
distribution. The store has two cashiers. The service time for
checkout follows a normal distribution with mean equal to 5
minutes and a standard deviation of 1 minute.
a) On average how many customers are in the waiting line?
c) How long does a customer stay in the processors (with the
servers)?
d) On average how many customers are there with the servers?
e) On average how many customers are in the system ?
f) On average how long does a customer stay in the system ?

Key Information
Arrival rate: R = 10 per hour
Average inter-arrival time: Ta = 1/R = 1/10 hr = 6 min
Standard deviation of inter-arrival time: Sa
Service rate per server: 12 per hour
Average service time: Tp = 1/12 hours = 5 min
Standard deviation of service time: Sp = 1 min
Coefficient of variation for inter-arrival time: Ca= Sa /Ta = 1
since inter-arrival time is exponential.
Coefficient of variation for service time: Cp = Sp /Tp = 1/5
=0.2
Number of servers: c =2
Rp = c/Tp = 2/(1/12) = 24 per hour
U= R/Rp = 10/24 = 0.42
M/G/2 Example
a) On average how many customers are there in the

waiting line?
U 2 ( c 1)
Ca2 C p2 0.42 2( 21) 12 0.22
Ii 0.107
1U 2 1 0.42 2
RTi I i 10Ti 0.107
Ti 0.0107 hour 0.6 minutes
c) How long does a customer stay in the processors
(with the servers)?
Average service time: Tp = 1/12 hours = 5 min
M/G/2 Example

servers?
I p ? Ip TpR (1 / 12)(10) 0.84
Alternativ ely, I p cU 2(0.42) 0.84
e) On average how many customers are there in the

system?
I ? I I i I p 0.107 0.84 0.95
f) On average how long does a customer stay in the

system?
T ? T 0.6 5 5.6 min
Comment on General Formula
Approximation formula gives exact answers for M/M/1

system.
Approximation formula provide good approximations

for M/M/2 system.

Assignment 4: M/M/c Example
A call center has 11 operators. The arrival rate of calls is

200 calls per hour. Each of the operators can serve 20
customers per hour. Assume inter-arrival time and
processing time follow Poisson and Exponential,
respectively. What is the average waiting time (time
before a customers call is answered)?
U
200
0.91 Ca 1 Cp 1
220

M/M/c Example
U C C
2 ( c 1) 2 2
0.91 11
2 (12)
Ii
a p
Ii 6.89
1U 2 1 0.91 2
I i RTi 6.89 200Ti
Ti 0.0345 hour or 2.1 min

Assignment 5: M/D/c Example
Suppose the service time is a constant

What is the answer to the previous question?
In this case C p 0
2 (111)
C C
2 ( c 1) 2 2 0.91 1 0
Ii
U

a p Ii 3.45
1U 2 1 0.91 2
I i RTi 3.45 200Ti
Ti 0.017 hour or 1.03 min

Additional Problems

Problem 6
Students arrive at the Administrative Services Office on
the average of one every 15 minutes, and their request
take on average 10 minutes to be processed. The service
counter clerk works 8 hours per day and is staffed by
only 1 clerk, Judy Gumshoe. Assume Poisson arrivals and
exponential service times.
M/M/1 Queuing System
R = 4 customers/hour, Poisson (Ca =1)
Rp = 6 customers/hour, Exponential (Cp =1)
a) What percentage of time is Judy idle?

b) How much time, on average, does a student spend
waiting in line?
Problem 6; M/M/1
a) What percentage of time is Judy idle?

U = R/Rp = 4/6 = 66.67% of time she is busy
1- U = 33.33% of time idle
b) How much time, on average, does a student

spend waiting in line?
C C
2 ( c 1) 2 2 2 (11)
12 12
I i 1.33
0.67
U Ii
Ii
a p
1 0.67 2
1U 2
Ti R = Ii Ti = Ii/R 1.33/4 = 0.33 hours
= 0.33 hours or 20 minutes
Problem 7
You are working at a bank and doing resource
requirements planning. You think that there should be six
tellers working in the bank. Tellers take fifteen minutes
per customer with a standard deviation of five minutes.
On average one customer arrives in every three minutes
according to an exponential distribution.
a) On average how many customers would be waiting in
line?
b) On average how long would a customer spend in the
bank?

Problem 7; M/G/c
c = 6, R = 20, Rp = c/Tp = 6/15 /min, 60(6/15) = 24 /hr

U = R/Rp = 20/24 = 0.83
Ca = 1, Cp = 5/15 = 0.33
a) On average how many customers are in line?
Ca2 C p2 0.83 2(61) 1 0.33

2 ( c 1) 2 2
Ii
U
Ii I i 1.62
1U 2 1 0.83 2
b) On average how long would a customer spend in the
bank?
Ti = Ii/R 1.62/20 = 0.081 hours, or 4.86 minutes
Tp = 15 minutes
T = Ti+Tp = 4.86+15 = 19.86 minutes
Problem 8
Consider a call center with 8 agents. Past data has shown that
the mean time between customer arrivals is 1 minute, and has
a standard deviation of 1/2 minute. The amount of time in
minutes the past 10 callers have spent talking to an agent is as
follows: 4.1, 6.2, 5.5, 3.5, 3.2, 7.3, 8.4, 6.3, 2.6, 4.9.
a) What is the coefficient of variation for the inter-arrival
times?
b) What is the mean time a caller spends talking to an agent?
c) What is the standard deviation of the time a caller spends
talking to an agent?
d) What is the coefficient of variation for the times a caller
spends talking to an agent?
e) What is the expected number of callers on hold, waiting to
talk to an agent?
Problem 8; G/G/1
a) What is the coefficient of variation for the inter-

arrival times?
Ca = Sa/Ta = 0.5/1 = 0.5
b) What is the mean time a caller spends talking to an

agent?
= average (4.1, 6.2, 5.5, 3.5, 3.2, 7.3, 8.4, 6.3, 2.6,
4.9) = 5.2 minutes.
c) What is the standard deviation of the time a caller
spends talking to an agent?
= stdev(4.1, 6.2, 5.5, 3.5, 3.2, 7.3, 8.4, 6.3, 2.6,
4.9) =1.88 minutes

Problem 8
d) What is the coefficient of variation for the times a

caller spends talking to an agent?
(standard deviation)/mean = 1.88/5.2 = 0.36
e) What is the expected number of callers on hold,

waiting to talk to an agent?
R= 1 per minute, c = 8, processing rate for one agent is
= 1/5.2. For c=8 agents, Rp = 8/5.2 = 1.54 /min
U = R/Rp= 1/(1.54) = 0.65
U C C
2 ( c 1)
0.65 2(81) 0.52 0.362
2 2
Ii Ii a p
I i 0.09
1U 2 1 0.65 2
Problem 8
f) What is the expected number of callers either on hold

or talking to an agent?
I = Ii + Ip= 0.09 + 0.65(8) =5.29
g) What is the expected amount of time a caller must
wait to talk to an agent?
RTi = Ii Ti = 0.09/1 = 0.09 minutes
h) What is the expected amount of time between when
a caller first arrives to the system, and when that
caller finishes talking to an agent?
T = I/R = 5.29/1 = 5.29 minutes
Alternatively; T= Ti+Tp = 0.09+5.2 = 5.29

Problem 9
Wells Fargo operates one ATM machine in a certain
Trader Joes. There is on average 8 customers that use
the ATM every hour, and each customer spends on
average 6 minutes at the ATM. Assume customer
arrivals follow a Poisson process, and the amount of
time each customer spends at the ATM follows an
exponential distribution.
a) What is the percentage of time the ATM is in use?

R = 8 per hour, Rp = 10 per hour
U = 8/10 = 0.8 =80%

Problem 9; M/M/1
b) On average, how many customers are there in line

waiting to use the ATM?
U 2( c 1) Ca C p 0.8 2(11) 1 1
2 2 2 2
Ii Ii I i 3.2
1U 2 1 0.8 2
c) Suppose that the number of customers in line waiting

to use the ATM is 3. (This may or may not be the
answer you found in part b). All information remains
as originally stated. What is the average time a
customer must wait to use the ATM? State your
answer in minutes.
TiR = Ii Ti = 3/8 hr Ti = 3/8 (60) = 22.5 minutes

Problem 10
The Matador housing office has one customer

representative for walk-in students. The arrival rate is 10
customers per hour and the average service time is 5
minutes. Both inter-arrival time and service time follow
exponential distributions.
a) What is the average waiting time in line?
R = 10 /hr, Rp = 12 /hr, U = 10/12= 0.83
.
U 2 ( c 1)
Ca2 C p2 0.83 1 1
2 (11) 2 2
Ii Ii I i 4.17
1U 2 1 0.83 2
Ti = Ii/R = 4.17/10 = 0.42 hr
Problem 11
The Monterey post station has 7 tellers from Monday to
Saturday. Customers arrive to the station following a
Poisson process with a rate of 36 customers per hour.
The service time is exponentially distributed with mean
10 minutes.
a) What is the utilization rate of the tellers?
R = 36, Rp = 7/10=0.7 /min or 42 /hr
U = R/Rp= 36/42 = 6/7 = 85.7%
b) What is the average number of customers waiting in
line?
U C C
2 ( c 1) 2 2
0.857 1 1
2 ( 7 1) 2 2
Ii
a p
Ii I i 3.77
1U 2 1 0.857 2
Problem 11
On Sunday, instead of tellers, the post station only
opens 3 auto-mail machines to provide automatic
service. Each machine can weight the different size of
packages, print self-adhesive labels and accept
payments. Arrival is Poisson with rate 20 customers per
hour. The service time is 4 minutes with probability
0.75 and 16 minutes with probability 0.25.
c) What is the mean service time?
Tp = 0.75(4) + 0.25(16) = 7 min
d) What is the coefficient of variation of service time?
Sp = sqrt[0.75(4-7)2+0.25(16-7)2] =
sqrt[0.75(3)2+0.25(9)2] =5.2
Cp = 5.2 / 7 = 0.74
Problem 11
e) What is the utilization rate?

R = 20 customers/hr, Rp = 0.429 /min or 25.71
U =R/Rp= 20/(25.71) = 77.7%
f) What is the average number of customers waiting in

line?
U 2 ( C 1)
Ca2 C p2
Ii
1U 2
0.777 2 ( 31)
12 0.742
Ii 2.2 0.77 1.7
1 0.777 2
Problem 12
Bank of San Pedro has only 1 teller. On average, 1 customer
comes every 6 minutes, and it takes the teller an average of 3
minutes to serve a customer. To improve customer
satisfaction, the bank is going to implement a unique policy
called, We Pay While You Wait. Once implemented, the bank
will pay each customer $3 per minute while a customer waits
in line. (So the clock starts when a customer joins the line,
and stops when the customer begins to talk to the teller.)
Bank of San Pedro hired you as a consultant and you are
responsible for estimating how much the We Pay While You
Wait program will cost. Your preliminary study indicates there
are, on average, 0.5 customers waiting in line. Assume linear
cost. If a customer waits for ten seconds in line, Bank of San
Pedro will pay $0.5. Assume that arrival follows Poisson and
service time follows exponential distribution.
Problem 12
a) Compute the capacity of the teller
a) 10 customers/hour
b) 3.33 customers/hour
c) 20 customers/hour
d) 30 customers/hour
e) Cannot be determined
It takes the teller an average of 3 minutes to serve a

customer
60/3 = 20 customers per hour

Problem 12
b) Calculate the proportion of the time the teller is

busy.
a) 100%
b) 80%
c) 62%
d) 50%
e) 40%
R=10, Rp= 20
R/Rp= 10/20 = 0.5
= 50%

Problem 12
c) How long, on average, does a customer wait in line?

a) 6 minutes
b) 4.8 minutes
c) 3 minutes
d) 2.6 minutes
e) 2 minutes
0.52 11
Ii 0.5
(1 0.5) 2
Indeed Ii was even given in the problem.
Ti= Ii/R
Ti= 0.5/10 = .05
0.05(60) = 3 minutes

Problem 12
d) Calculate the expected hourly cost of the We Pay
While You Wait program.
a) $9
b) $36
c) $60
d) $90
e) $140
Ii =0.5. Therefore, a half of a customer is always there. For each
hour one customer gets 60(3) = $180. Thus 0.5 customer gets $90.
Perhaps you do not believe me.
Each customer waits, on average, 3 minutes.
So he or she receives, on average, 3(3) =$9.
There are 10 customers arriving per hour.
So the overall cost of this program is 9*10=$90.
Problem 12
e) Suppose each additional clerk costs X dollars per hour
(including all other clerk related costs such as
benefits, space and equipment hourly costs).
Compute the maximum value of X if it is at our
benefit to hire one additional clerk?
If we have two clerks, Rp increases from 20 to 40, and
utilization drops from 0.5 to 10/40 = 0.25
0.25 2 ( 21)
Ii 0.045
(1 0.25)
Ii reduced from 0.5 customers to 0.045 customers =

0.455

Problem 12
The number of customers waiting in the line reduced by
0.455. This means each hour, there are 0.455 less
customers waiting in line.
The cost of each hour waiting per 1 customer is $180
The waiting cost of 0.455 customers is 180(0.455) =
81.96
If the additional clerk costs less than $81.96 per hour it
is at our benefit to hire her.
e) Suppose each additional clerk costs $30 per hour.
How many new clerk should we hire, one or two?
Obviously, it is at hour benefit to hire one clerk.
If we hire two clerks (to have 3 clerks), Rp increases to
60, and utilization drops 10/60 = 0.167
Problem 12
0.167 2 (31)
Ii 0.008
(1 0.167)
Ii is reduced from 0.045 customers to 0.008, a 0.037
customer reduction.
By adding the third clerk, there are 0.037 less customers
waiting in line (each hour and always)
180(0.037) = about $6-$7
It is not at our benefit to hire the second clerk, pay $30
per hour capacity cost to reduce waiting cost by $6-$7
per hour.

Problem 12
We did not need to do this much computations for the
third clerk. With two clerks the total number of
customers waiting in line was:
0.25 2 ( 21)
Ii 0.045
(1 0.25)
Even if we reduce the number of customers waiting to 0,
we have reduced the line by 0.045 customers.
0.045(180) = 8.1
It is not worth the cost $30 to benefit $8

Problem 13
A local grocery store has 2 cashier stations, and 1
experienced cashier and 1 novice cashier. During a
typical working day (8 hours), 120 customers will show
up. The novice cashier will serve 48 customers and the
experienced cashier will serve 72 customers. On
average it takes 6 minutes for the novice cashier to
serve one customer and 3 minutes for the experienced
cashier to serve one customer.

Problem 13
a) During the rush hours, approximate 25 customers will show up in
an hour. Does the store have enough capacity for the rush hour?
a) Yes, the capacity of the store is 25 customers per hour.
b) Yes, the capacity of the store is 30 customers per hour.
c) No, the capacity of the store is 10 customers per hour.
d) No, the capacity of the store is 20 customers per hour.
e) None of the above.
On average it takes 6 minutes for the novice cashier to

serve a customer 60/6 = 10 customers/hr
On average it takes 3 minutes for the experienced
cashier to serve a customer 60/3 = 20 customers/hr
Capacity = 10+20 = 30

Problem 13
b) During the day, both cashier stations on average have 2
customers waiting. On average, how long does a customer stay in
the novice cashiers waiting line?
a) 8 minutes
b) 11 minutes
c) 16 minutes
d) 20 minutes
e) None of the above
The novice cashier will serve 48/8 = 6 customers/hr
R = 6 /hr
TiNR = IiN
6TiN = 2
TiN = 1/3 hr or 20 min
Problem 13
c) On average, how long does a customer stay in the experienced

cashiers line?
a) 7 minutes
b) 9.4 minutes
c) 13.3 minutes
d) 15 minutes
On the same token

the novice cashier will serve 72/8 = 9 customers/hr
R = 9 /hr
TR = I 9TiE = 2 TiE=2/9 hr or 13.33 min

Problem 13
d) On average, how long does a customer spend in the store?
The novice and experienced cashier serve 6, and 9

customers per hour, respectively.
Customers served by Novice: 6 min service time, 20
min waiting time. T = 26 min for 6/15 customers.
Customers served by Experienced: 3 min service time,
13.33 min waiting time. T = 16.33 for 9/15 customers.
(6/15)(26) + (9/15)(16.33) = 20.2

Problem 13
To shorten the waiting time, the manager does a detailed

study and finds that half of the customers purchase 5
items or less, and half of the customers purchase more
than 5 items. The manager decides to let the novice
cashier only serve the customers that purchase 5 items
or less. After the change, it turns out that both cashier
stations have 1.75 customers waiting on average.
Assume that the novice cashier serves all of the
customers purchasing 5 items or less and the
experienced cashier serves all of the customers
purchasing more than 5 items.

Problem 13
e) What is the average waiting time in the novice cashiers line?
a) 13 minutes
b) 14 minutes
c) 17 minutes
d) 19 minutes
Each of the two cashiers will serve 120/2 = 60

customers per day or 60/8 =7.5 customers/hr
TiNR = IiN
7.5TiN = 1.75
TiN = 1.75/7.5 = 0.2333 hr or 14 min
Problem 13
f) What is the average waiting time in the experienced cashiers

line?
a) 9 minutes
b) 11 minutes
c) 12 minutes
d) 14 minutes
R and I are the same for Nave and Experience

Therefore, T is the same; 14 min

Problem 14
American Vending Inc. (AVI) supplies vending food to a

large university. Because students often kick the
machines out of anger and frustration, management has
a constant repair problem. The machines break down on
an average of 3/hr, and the breakdowns are distributed
in a Poisson manner. Downtime costs the company
$25/hr/machine, and each maintenance worker gets
$4 per hr. One worker can service machines at an
average rate of 5/hr, distributed exponentially; 2
workers working together can service 7/hr, distributed
exponentially; and a team of 3 workers can do 8/hr,
distributed exponentially. What is the optimal
maintenance crew size for servicing the machines?

Problem 14
Members in a team Demand Capacity U Ii Down Time Cost Capacity Cost Total Cost
1 3 5 0.600 0.90 22.5 4 26.5
2 3 7 0.429 0.32 8.0 8 16.0
3 3 8 0.375 0.23 5.6 12 17.6
c=????
c=1 U 2( c 1) U2
Ii
U=?? 1U 1U
Down time cost = 25Ii

Capacity Cost= 4(# of team members)
Total Cost
Problem 14
Have I made any mistakes?

Downtime costs the company $25 /hr/machine.
When the machine is down?
Until it is up.
In the waiting line it is down. In the processor until the
end of the process it is down.
There fore, besides Ii, I also need Ip
Members Witing In Process Labor
in a team Demand Capacity U Ii Cost Cost Cost Total Cost
1 3 5 0.600 0.90 22.50 15.00 4 41.50
2 3 7 0.429 0.32 8.04 10.71 8 26.75
3 3 8 0.375 0.23 5.63 9.38 12 27.00

Problem 14
Lets check by using Ti and Tp instead of Ii and Ip

Members Witing In Process Labor
in a team Demand Capacity U Ii Cost Cost Cost Total Cost
1 3 5 0.600 0.90 22.50 15.00 4 41.50
2 3 7 0.429 0.32 8.04 10.71 8 26.75
3 3 8 0.375 0.23 5.63 9.38 12 27.00
In In
Waiting Waiting Processing Process Process
Members Cost Cost time (hr) / Cost Cost Labor Total
in a team Demand Capacity U Ii Ti /Machine /Hour Machine /Machine /hour Cost Cost
1 3 5 0.600 0.90 0.30 7.50 22.50 0.20 5.00 15.00 4.00 41.50
2 3 7 0.429 0.32 0.11 2.68 8.04 0.14 3.57 10.71 8.00 26.75
3 3 8 0.375 0.23 0.08 1.88 5.63 0.13 3.13 9.38 12.00 27.00

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Assignment 1: M/M/1 Performance Evaluation

Example: The arrival rate to a GAP store is 6 customers

Operations Management: Waiting Lines 2 Ardavan Asef-Vaziri Jan-2011 1

R = 6 customers per hour

b) How long does a customer stays in the line?

RTi I i 6Ti 0.5 Ti 0.5 / 6 hour

c) How long does a customer stay in the processor (with the

d) On average how many customers are there with the

Operations Management: Waiting Lines 2 Ardavan Asef-Vaziri Jan-2011 3

Operations Management: Waiting Lines 2 Ardavan Asef-Vaziri Jan-2011 4

What if the arrival rate is 11 per hour? Processing rate is

Operations Management: Waiting Lines 2 Ardavan Asef-Vaziri Jan-2011 5

As the utilization rate increases to 1 (100%) the

Operations Management: Waiting Lines 2 Ardavan Asef-Vaziri Jan-2011 6

Operations Management: Waiting Lines 2 Ardavan Asef-Vaziri Jan-2011 7

a) On average how many customers are there in the

d) On average how many customers are there with the

Alternativ ely, I p cU 2(0.42) 0.84

e) On average how many customers are there in the

f) On average how long does a customer stay in the

Approximation formula gives exact answers for M/M/1

Approximation formula provide good approximations

Operations Management: Waiting Lines 2 Ardavan Asef-Vaziri Jan-2011 11

A call center has 11 operators. The arrival rate of calls is

Operations Management: Waiting Lines 2 Ardavan Asef-Vaziri Jan-2011 12

I i RTi 6.89 200Ti

Ti 0.0345 hour or 2.1 min

Operations Management: Waiting Lines 2 Ardavan Asef-Vaziri Jan-2011 13

Suppose the service time is a constant

I i RTi 3.45 200Ti

Ti 0.017 hour or 1.03 min

Operations Management: Waiting Lines 2 Ardavan Asef-Vaziri Jan-2011 14

Operations Management: Waiting Lines 2 Ardavan Asef-Vaziri Jan-2011 15

a) What percentage of time is Judy idle?

a) What percentage of time is Judy idle?

b) How much time, on average, does a student

Operations Management: Waiting Lines 2 Ardavan Asef-Vaziri Jan-2011 18

c = 6, R = 20, Rp = c/Tp = 6/15 /min, 60(6/15) = 24 /hr

Ca2 C p2 0.83 2(61) 1 0.33

a) What is the coefficient of variation for the inter-

b) What is the mean time a caller spends talking to an

Operations Management: Waiting Lines 2 Ardavan Asef-Vaziri Jan-2011 21

d) What is the coefficient of variation for the times a

e) What is the expected number of callers on hold,

f) What is the expected number of callers either on hold

Operations Management: Waiting Lines 2 Ardavan Asef-Vaziri Jan-2011 23

a) What is the percentage of time the ATM is in use?

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b) On average, how many customers are there in line

c) Suppose that the number of customers in line waiting

TiR = Ii Ti = 3/8 hr Ti = 3/8 (60) = 22.5 minutes

The Matador housing office has one customer

e) What is the utilization rate?

f) What is the average number of customers waiting in

It takes the teller an average of 3 minutes to serve a

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b) Calculate the proportion of the time the teller is

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c) How long, on average, does a customer wait in line?

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Ii reduced from 0.5 customers to 0.045 customers =

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