Integrated Solid Waste Management

Source Reduction

Reduce toxicity
Less packaging
Product reuse
More durable products
On-line mulching and composting

Recycling
Collection
Processing
Use of recycled materials in products
Composting
 Integrated Solid Waste
Management

Disposal
Combustion with energy recovery

Landfill

Incineration without energy recovery

 GREEN DESIGN
Waste Prevention Better materials mgt.
Reduce: waste
Toxicity Facilitate:
Energy use Remanufacturing
Recycling
Composting
Extended: service life Energy recovery
 Source Reduction
Garbage that is not produced does not have to
be managed
Green Product Design Strategies:
Design that concerns itself with reducing
environmental impacts associated with
manufacturing, use and disposal of products is
an important part of any PP strategy
Fortunately, companies that design green
products & business that use them are finding
bottom-line, market benefits that go beyond
simply feeling good about their endeavors
 Good green design practices
Material Selection
Critical stage in product development
appropriate material selection
Green design: attempts are made to
evaluate environmental impacts associated
with acquisition, processing, use, and
retirement
Substituting material- modest impact on
quality & price but considerable impact on
environmental consequences
 Ore required to yield 100 kg of product
Mineral Av. Grade Ore (Kg) Product Residue
(%) (Kg) (Kg)
Aluminum 23 435 100 335

Copper 0.91 10990 100 10890

Iron 40 250 100 150
Lead 2.5 4000 100 3900

Nickel 2.5 4000 100 3900

Others 8.1 1234 100 1134
(avg.)
 Material Selection
Evaluate environmental impacts of material
associated with: acquisition, processing, use,
retirement
Substituting material: modest impact on quality
and price but considerable impact on
environmental consequences
Ex: Ceramics and composites to steel and
aluminum,
AT & T (Telecommunications) cables in 1950s
steel, lead and copper + small % of aluminum
and 1% plastics, By 1980s Polyethylene and
plastic was about 35%, fiber-optic cables which
weighs 3% and use 5% of energy to produce
 Toxic materials in MSW
Metal Application
Arsenic Wood preservatives, household pesticides
Cadmium Rechargable Ni-Cad batteries, pigments in
plastics, coloured printing inks and
enamels
Lead Auto batteries, solder, pigments or
stabilizers in plastics, glass, ceramics
Batteries, fluorescent lamps, fungicides,
Mercury paints

Zinc Flashlight batteries, rubber products

 Product Life Extension
Products that do not wear out quickly do not have to be
replaced
Resources saved and less waste generated
Discarded after potential lifetime: Ex computers that
become obsolete, clothing fashion that change; but
many products can continue to remain in service for
extended period designed to be durable, reliable,
reusable, re-manufacturable, & repairable
Extended product life: product replacement, translates
into decreased sales volume for manufacturing
The temptation toward planned obsolescence can
hopefully be replaced - consumer demand green
products
 Material Life Extension

At the end of useful life - recovery of

material, avoid disposal
Key Design parameter Recycled
Ex. Germanys Recycling Policy: BMW and
Volkswagen have built pilot plants
disassembly and recycling of recovered
material
Plastic body panels
 Volkswagen Specialists & Enthusiasts
We are a well established family-run business with a
combined experience of over 30 years dealing with all
Volkswagens. As well as being a business it is a hobby we
are all VW enthusiasts. We stock parts for VW Audi Seat
and Skoda. We specialise in servicing using all
genuine VAG parts, you get the same service and quality as
you would from a main dealer. We sell new & used parts,
which are supplied off the shelf for all Volkswagen, Audi,
Seat and Skoda cars, from 1950 to date.
Recycling Policy: We are very much aware of the
environment and we try to be as green as possible.
Over the last few years we have managed to up our
recycling so that 93% of all our waste is recycled, this is a
big achievement which we are very proud of and this is
some of the ways we do it.
All metal waste parts are saved up and go to a metal
recycling plant.
 All waste fluids, engine & gear box oil, brake fluid etc all
goes into a clean air burner, which in turn heats our
work unit in the winter months. As well as a benefit to
our environment it is also a benefit to you as we now
dont have the need to charge a waste oil fee.

We have found a company that recycles old batterys

they collect from us once a month.
All cardboard boxes & packaging gets recycled - they
get used to send out parts, and when we run out of our
own boxes we take them from the local bike shop.
Plastic whereable is recycled via green recycling bins.
All used parts are tested before removal. New service
parts are supplied at competitive prices and are mostly
genuine original equipment, or of German manufacture,
thus maintaining build-quality and reliability. Hoping
we can help with your requirements!
 Material Life Extension
Europe led the way in this regard design
for disassembly & re-cyclability
End of Life Vehicles (ELV) directives
currently requires 80% of an ELV to be
reused & recycled
By 2015 that rate escalates to 90%
EVL can only be scrapped at authorised
treatment facilities meeting the
environmental standards
The cost for this facility largely by vehicle
manufacturers
 Reduce Material Intensiveness
Green design strategies include reducing
amount, toxicity while maintaining
products usefulness and value
Ex. In 1974 Car battery contained about
65 gm of lead, but modern batteries
<45gm
Beverage containers: Non-refillable glass
bottles are about 37% lighter as they
were in 1970s
 Mass reduction in soft-drink
containers
Type of 1972 1992 %
containers (g) (g) change
One-way glass 344 218 -37
bottles (o.47 L)
Steel can (0.36 L) 48 33 -31

Aluminum (0.36L) 20 16 -22

PET bottles (2L) 66 54 -18

 Process Management
Manufacturing products requires raw
materials and energy inputs
Life-cycle assessment energy
requirement is an important component
Process improvements: waste-heat
recovery, more efficient motors and motor
controls and high-efficiency lighting
Electric motors two-thirds of electricity
used by the industry
 Process Management..
Ex. 1 Oversized and run at constant speed-results
in low efficiency.
Ex. 2 Motors used for pumping fluids: pumping
rates are controlled by adjusting valves or
dampers rather than speed, results in wastage
of electricity.
Latest electronic adjustable - speed drives
coupled with more efficient motors save half of
the energy normally used
Better Material Mgt.: lower environmental
impacts, waste can be minimised by carefully
estimating and ordering needed inputs, especially
HW, careful inventory control
 Efficient Distribution
Packaging & Transporting
Transporting cost: quantity and type of
material, packaging, trip distance, type
of carrier
Packaging: component of distribution,
reducing but may lead to
deterioration of the product, if damaged
or loss of freshness
Re-cycled materials
 Labeling

Environmentally superior are preferred

Recyclable, Recycled, Eco-safe, Ozone-
friendly, and Bio-degradable
Scientific Certification system Table

Germans Source Reduction Program

German Federal Ordinance Concerning
Avoidance of Packaging wastes April
1991
 Green Dot
Take back and recycle used packaging material
I phase 1991:Packaging from manufacturers to
distributors: large corrugated shipping containers
and wooden pallets
II - phase 1992: Secondary packaging around
toothpaste, cell phones,
III phase 1993: Sales packaging such as
beverage containers, food wrapper, and cans,
plastic containers holding laundry detergents,
fabric softener, spray paints etc
 Green Dot

Labeling, collection, sorting, and recycling

system: Duales System Deutschland
(DSD)
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