KELOMPOK I

- SETYO AJI
 WOODS
Wood is a forest product from natural resources, is a raw material that is easily
processed to be used as goods according to technological progress.
Wood has some properties that can not be duplicated by other materials. Selection and use
of wood for a purpose of use, requires knowledge of wood properties. Wood comes from
different types of trees that have different properties. Even in one tree, wood has different
properties.
 properties of wood
Physical Properties

Wood Fibers: rough-smooth, straight-wavy, open- closed.

Wood Shuts: Longitudinal Direction, Radial Direction & Tangential
Directions
Moisture Content: Dry Wood Oven, Dry Air Wood,
Wet Wood, and Water Saturated Wood.
Weight Type: Great density, great strength
Durability: Resistance to insects and weather conditions,
Decorative Value: Color, Texture, Surface, Acoustic, Resonance, etc.
 Properties of wood
Mechanic Properties

Orthotropic Properties: The non-interdependent

nature of wood Longitudinal, Radial &
Tangential.
Strength: Wood ability accepts bending, tensile,
and press loads sliding.
Elasticity Properties: Modulus of elasticity (E),
Modulus Robustness / shear (G), Poisson
Numbers ().
 Properties of wood
Chemistry properties
Chemical substances in wood, determine the usefulness of a particular
type of wood, and distinguish certain types of wood.
The extractive substances of wood have significance:
- May affect the durability, color, smell and taste of a wood species.
- Can be used as industrial material
- Can be difficult in the work and damage the tools of carpentry.
Extractives are readily soluble in solvents such as ether, alcohol, gasoline
and water, the average amount of 3-8% of the dry wood weight of the
furnace.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF WOOD
General Characteristic:
All tree trunks have vertical arrangement and radial
symmetry
Composed of various cells.
Strength and durability depends on the type of
wood.
All wood is anisotropic
Is a hygroscopic material
Can be attacked by wood-damaging creatures.
Wood is flammable.
 JENIS JENIS KAYU
Kayu Jati (tectonaGrandis), Jatos, Deleg, Kayu Mahoni: Sweitenia
Jawa Teak
Tumbuh di: jawa
Tumbuh di: Jawa, Selawesi Selatan,
Nusa Tenggara Barat, Maluku, Lampung, Kayu Kelapa (cocos nucifera), Glugu
Madura
Tumbuh di: seluruh Indonesia
Kayu Kamfer (Dryobalanops spp), Kapur,
sintak, Kuras Kayu Ebony
Tumbuh di: Aceh, Sumatra Utara, Sumatra Kayu Berdaru
Barat, Riau dan Kalimantan
Kayu Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp), Ariung,
Kayu Merbau
Kayu kawan Kayu Kranji
Tumbuh di: Sumatra, Jawa, Kalimantan Kayu Balau
Kayu meranti: merah (Shorea spp),
Tengkawang, Lanau, kayu bapa Kayu Bangkirai
Tumbuh di: Sumatra, Jawa, Maluku
CLASSIFICATION OF WOOD

strength,

durability,

usage &
Quality
Table 1. Classification of wood by Strength
Kelas Berat Jenis Kokoh lentur Kokoh tekan
Kuat Kering Udara mutlak (kg/cm2) mutlak (kg/cm2)
I 0,90 1100 650
II 0,90 - 0,60 1100 - 725 650 - 425
III 0,60 - 0,40 725 - 500 425 - 300
IV 0,40 - 0,30 500 - 360 300 - 215
V 0,30 360 215
Table 2. Classification of wood by Durability

Uraian / KELAS KEAWETAN

Nomor I II III IV V
8 5 3 Sangat Sangat
a
KONDISI KONSTRUKSI

tahun tahun tahun pendek pendek

b 20 15 10 Beberapa Sangat Kayu dikategorikan ke dalam beberapa kelas awet

tahun tahun tahun tahun pendek

c Tak Tak Sangat Beberapa

pendek Kelas awet I (sangat awet), misal: kayu Jati, Sonokeling
terbatas terbatas lama tahun

d Tak
terbatas
Tak
terbatas
Tak
terbatas
Minimum
20 tahun
Maksimum
20 tahun
Kelas awet II (awet), misal: kayu Merbau, Mahoni
e tidak Jarang
Agak
Cepat
Sangat
cepat
Sangat
cepat
Kelas awet III (kurang awet), misal: kayu Karet, Pinus
f tidak tidak
Hampir
tidak
Tak
seberapa
Sangat
Cepat Kelas awet IV (tidak awet), misal: kayu Albasia
Kondisi Konstruksi: Kelas awet V (sangat tidak awet)
a. Selalu berhubungan dengan tanah lembab.
b. Hanya terbuka terhadap angin dan iklim, tetapi air tidak masuk di dalamnya.
c. Di bawah atap, tidak berhubungan dengan tanah lembab dan dilindungi
terhadap kelengasan.
d. Seperti c. tetapi dipelihara dengan baik, seperti: dicat.
e. Serangan rayap.
f. Serangan oleh kumbang, bubuk kayu.
Table 3. Classification of wood by Usage
Ditetapkan dari
Kelas
Kelas Kelas Keterangan
Pemakaian
Keawetan Kekuatan
I I I Konstruksi berat, selalu terkena penga-
ruh-pengaruh buruk, seperti: terus mene-
I II rus berada dalam tanah, atau terkena
II
II II panas matahari, hujan dan angin.
Konstruksi berat yang terlindung
III III III berada di bawah atap dan tidak
berhubungan dengan tanah basah.
Konstruksi ringan yang terlindung
Table 4. Classification of wood by Quality

Uraian Mutu A Mutu B

a. Kadar lengas Harus kering udara Kadar lengas 30%

Besarnya mata kayu 1/6 Besarnya mata kayu 1/4

b. Mata kayu
lebar balok atau 3,5 cm lebar balok atau 5 cm

c. Kandungan Kandungan wanvlak / kayu Kandungan wanvlak / kayu

wanvlak gubal 1/10 tinggi balok. gubal 1/10 tinggi balok.

d. Kemiringan Kemiringan arah serat, Kemiringan arah serat,

arah serat tg 1/10 tg 1/7

Retak-retak arah radial 1/4 Retak-retak arah radial 1/3

e. Retak-retak tebal kayu dan terhdp ling- tebal kayu dan terhdp ling-
karan tumbuh 1/5 tebal kayu karan tumbuh 1/4 tebal kayu
 ADVANTAGES OF WOOD
1. Light weight (Density < 1).
2. Has a high enough resistance to chemical and electrical influences.
3. Wood is a raw material that is easily processed to be used as another item.
4. Easy to get, cheap, and easy to do.
5. Durable enough / long lasting
6. Wood is a source of natural wealth that will not run out, if managed properly.
7. Wood has specific properties that can not be imitated by other materials made by human hands
8. In general, wood of high specific gravity has a high modulus of elasticity and strength (in accordance with
the strong class)
9. Simply resistant to press load and tensile load.
 DISADVANTAGES OF WOOD
1. Less homogeneous with natural defects such as the direction of fibers that make up the cross section,
spiral and diagonal, wooden eyes, etc.
2. Large expansion and shrinkage (hygroscopic)
3. Less durable.
4. On loading in the long term, the deflection is quite large.
5. Flammable.
6. If drying process is not good will cause fungus / mushroom attack.
7. Favored by insects / wooden beetles.
8. Defects in wood result in shortcomings or difficulties in the use and operation of wood.
9. Defects at the beginning of growth, will be deformed on the wood after the tree is felled.
 WOOD PICKLING
Purpose:
avoid the wood attacked by insects and fungi
slow down the flame fire when fires
The characteristics of preservatives:
very toxic to caterpillar / destructive insects / bugs.
Survive in wood / does not evaporate out.
Materials that easily penetrate / penetrate into wooden cells.
Not toxic to humans / animals.
Easy to use, cheap and easy to find.
Do not damage wood or steel material in wood.
Inhibit fire (for the second purpose)
Parasit Insects
WOOD
DEFECTS

Cracked (a), (b), ( c)

Curved (d), (e)
Twisted (f)
Bend (g), (h)
Deflated (i)