Scarred Shore of Alaska

Subtitle
IMPACT FROM THE SPILL
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HUMAN
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PLANTS

ECONOMY 04
 Impacts on Human
Directly affect Renewable Resource Communities (RRCs)
Economy: Renewable natural resources, Work roles
Social: Traditional relationship with seasonal harvest
activities
Geographically isolated
Small occupation diversification
Non-native residents:
Fishing communities
Summarized from 3 major research projects:
Oiled Mayors Project
Social Indicators Study
Cordova Community Study
 Impacts on Animals
250,000 Seabirds 85% 85%

2,800 Sea Otters 60%

Sea birds
55%

Sea Otters

Habour Seals
40%
300 Harbour Seals

Bald Eagles

Whales
250 Bald Eagles

Killer Whales
22

Billions of salmon and herring eggs destroyed

Only 13 out of 32 affected wildlife populations & habitats recovered
Green Island, Alaska Knight Island, Alaska Oil soaked Jelly
fish

Latoucha Island, Alaska Oil-covered Duck

 IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT
Oil spread about 1,300 miles of coastline:
200 miles: Heavily or moderately oiled
1,100 miles: Lightly oiled
42 of 91 heavily oiled beaches:
Subsurface oil -> 19.3 acres -> 0.2% of spill (55,600 kg) -> 4.1 to
20.7 cm thickness

20% evaporated and underwent
01
photolysis in the atmosphere
50% biodegraded either in situ
02 on beaches or in the water
column
14% recovered or disposed
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< 1% remained in the water column (except as
biodegradation products)
2% remained on intertidal shorelines (with a
very large proportion of this as highly
weathered, biologically inert residuals)
~13% remained in subtidal sediments, mostly
in the GOA and mostly as highly weathered
residuals.
Evans Island

Naked
Island

Squire Island
 ECONOMY IMPACT
CLEAN-UP COST COMMUNITIES WILD LIFE

o SITE CLEANING - $3.8 o 2,000 NATIVES & 13,000 o SEA OTTERS - $50,000 EACH
BILLION OTHER SUBSITENCES
PERMIT HOLDER LOST o HARBOR SEAL - $20,000 EACH
o COMPENSATE 11,000 & SOURCE OF FOOD
PAY FINES - $4.5 BILLION o SEABIRDS - $300 EACH
o TOURISM INDUSTRY
o IN 1994, PUNITIVE LOST 26,000 JOBS & $2.4 o EAGLE - $22,000 EACH
DAMAGE - $5 BILLION BILLION IN SALES
o TOTAL = $218.6 MILLIONS
SITE CLEANUP

WILDLIFE RECOVERY