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Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker for

Overload Protection

Submitted by:- Submitted to:-


Atul Pandey(1409121013) Mrs. Chaitra N Yadahalli
Saurabh Gupta(1409121034)
Saurabh kumar Singh1409121035)
Saurav Singh(1409121036)
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

Abstract:

The outline of the project is to shut down the power supply


when it is overloaded.

Electronic circuit breaker is based on the voltage drop across


a series element typically a low value resistor or a
CT(current Transformer).

The unit is extremely fast and overcomes the drawback of


the thermal type.
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

Introduction:

The project is designed to shut down the power supply when


it is overloaded.

Conventional circuit breaker like MCB based is on thermal


bimetal lever trip mechanism.

This project senses the current passing through a series


element and the corresponding voltage drop is compared
against the preset voltage proportional to the current by a
level comparator to generate an output for the load to trip.
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

(Continue)

Electronic circuit breaker is based on the voltage drop across


a series element proportional to the load current, typically a
low value resistor.

This voltage is sensed and rectified to DC which is and then


compared with a preset voltage by a level comparator to
generate an output that drives a relay through a MOSFET to
trip the load.

The unit is extremely fast and overcomes the drawback of the


thermal type. It uses a microcontroller from 8051 family.
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

Block Diagram:
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

Circuit Explanation:

DC power supply-voltage VAC mains resigned to lower voltage


step-down transformer and a bridge, that is, transforms into a
pulsating direct current with the use of the bridge rectifier
configuration. Is rectified DC voltage is filtered and is
controlled by the regulator IC.

Current sensing resistor is connected to the Unit in the output


circuit between the AC source and the Earth feels the current
through the output circuit, a burdens.

Management Unit of the comparator compares the input from


the current sensing element with a reference voltage and,
therefore, controls the relay switch, which in turn controls the
power to the load.
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

Hard Ware Equipments:

POWER SUPPLY BLOCK

MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52/AT89C51)

RELAY

LCD

MOSFET
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

Power Supply:

230 V AC Bridge rectifier


5v Regulator
50 Hz

5V DC

Filter(470f)
12V step down
transformer
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

Micro Controller:

8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash

Memory

4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range

Crystal Frequency 11.0592MHZ AT89S52

Three-level Program Memory Lock

256 x 8-bit Internal RAM

32 Programmable I/O Lines


Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

Relay:

It is a electro magnetic switch

Used to control the electrical devices

Copper core magnetic flux plays main role here


Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD):

Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are


16x2 and 20x2 displays.

This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20


characters per line by 2 lines, respectively.

The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to


the controller chip which receives data from an external
source (and communicates directly with the LCD.
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

LCD:
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

IR LED:
An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a
special purpose LED that transmits infrared
rays in the range of 760 nm wavelength.

Such LEDs are usually made of gallium


arsenide or aluminum gallium arsenide. They,
along with IR receivers, are commonly used
as sensors.
The appearance is same as a common LED.
Since the human eye cannot see the infrared
radiations, it is not possible for a person to
identify whether the IR LED is working or not,
unlike a common LED.
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

MOSFET:

The metaloxidesemiconductor field-effect


transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET) is a
device used for amplifying or switching
electronic signals.

The basic principle of the device a voltage on


the oxide-insulated gate electrode can induce a
conducting channel between the two other
contacts called source and drain.

It is by far the most common transistor in both


digital and analog circuits, though the bipolar
junction transistor was at one time much more
common.
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

Working:

230v A.C power supply is given to transformer and its step-


down voltage level to 12v A.C and then bridge rectifier
converts 12v A.C to D.C.

Than the capacitor is connected which will filter dc supply


and gives pure dc without harmonic and distortion and then
the voltage regulating ic7805 is connected and regulated
output will send to LED so the LED will glow when supply is
enable.

Now this supply is given to microcontroller +12 to pin no 40


and ground to pin no 20, the 8051 has on chip oscillator.
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

(Continue)

Pins XTAL1 and XTAL2 are provided for connecting a resonant


network to form an oscillator.

Crystal frequency ranges from 1MHz to 24 MHz, one crystal


of 11.0592MHz and two capacitor is connected in this two
pins 19 and 18 and its your clock circuit.

The 8051 has an active high reset pin, a reset input must go
high for two machine cycles when power is first applied and
then goes low.
Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

Software Requirements:

Keil Compiler

Language: Embedded C or Assembly.


Ultra Fast Acting Electronic Circuit Breaker

Conclusion:

Using this device ultra fast acting electronic circuit breaking


can be achieved to save expensive equipment from possible
damage.

Using this unique concept a prototype can be developed as


a projects work for electrical engineering students

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