The Endocrine

System
Presented by: 5th Group
Feby Amalia
Hardianty
Suryana Syuaib
Andi Nurul Virninda
Debby Trisia Sari
The Endocrine System
The endocrine system comprises a group
of ductless glands that secrete chemical
messenger substances, called hormones,
into the bloodstream.
Hormones are responsible for the long-
term regulation of many bodily functions.
The endocrine System include:
pituitary
thyroid & parathyroid
adrenals - cortex &
medulla
pancreas
gonads - ovaries &
testes
pineal
thymus
Pituitary gland - 1
The pituitary gland is:
a pea-sized structure
located at the base of the
brain.
an extension of the
hypothalamus.
consists of an anterior
lobe and a posterior lobe.
produces hormones that
control other glands and
many body functions.
 The pituitary gland
HYPOTHALAMUS
Hypothalamus secretes ADH & oxytocin carried
releasing factors from hypothalamus

INFUNDIBULUM

Thyroid stimulating
hormone
Adrenocorticotropic
hormone
Antidiuretic hormone
Gonadotropic
ANTERIOR POSTERIOR Oxytocin
hormones (FSH & LH)
LOBE LOBE
Growth hormone
Prolactin
Posterior pituitary gland
Gland Principle Action
hormones

Posterior pituitary Antidiuretic Regulates water

gland hormone (ADH) reabsorption from
kidneys

Oxytocin Allows milk

letdown/suckling reflex
Initiates labor
Maternal behaviour
Anterior pituitary gland
Gland Principle Action
hormones
Anterior Thyroid stimulating Regulates thyroid gland
pituitary hormone (TSH)

Adrenocortico trophic Regulates adrenal cortex

hormone (ACTH)
Gonadotrophic hormones Regulates gonads
Follicle stimulating
hormone (FSH)
Luteinising hormone
(LH)
Growth hormone (GH) Regulates growth in
children
Prolactin Regulates milk
production
The thyroid and parathyroid glands

The thyroid gland is

wrapped around the
larynx (Adams
apple).
Four small
parathyroid glands
are embedded in the
thyroid.

Wellcome Photo Library

Thyroid & parathyroid glands
Gland Principle Action
hormones
Thyroid Thyroxine Stimulates
metabolism/releases
glucose

Calcitonin Lowers blood calcium

Parathyroid Parathyroid Raises calcium levels

hormone
The pancreas

Ilets of
Langerhans Pancreas
Wellcome Photo Library

Endocrine tissue in the pancreas (the islets of

Langerhans) secrete hormones that regulate the
blood sugar level.
Pancreas
Gland Principle Action
hormones

Islets of Insulin Lowers blood

Langerhans sugar levels
Beta-cells

Alpha-cells Glucagon Raises sugar

levels
Adrenal gland
Adrenal
cortex

Adrenal
medulla
Lutz Slomianka, ANHB_UWA
Adrenal gland
Gland Principle Action
hormones
Adrenal cortex Mineralocorticoids e.g. Sodium metabolism
aldosterone

Glucocorticoids e.g. Stress response/glucose

cortisol metabolism

Gonadocorticoids e.g. Secondary sexual

testosterone characteristics

Adrenal medulla Adrenaline (epinephrine)

Fight or flight response
Noradrenaline
(norepinephrine)
Gonads

Male testes Female ovaries

The gonads
Gland Principle Action
hormones
Male gonads Testosterone Male secondary sexual
characteristics
The testes

Female gonads Oestrogen Female secondary sexual

characteristics
The ovaries (estrogen)
Development of the
endometrium
Progesterone Maintenance of
endometrium
 Testosterone
The production of
testosterone by the testis is
controlled by the pituitary gland.
The pituitary gland produces
luteinizing hormone (LH) and
follicle stimulating hormone
(FSH) which are the two
important messengers for the
function of the testes. The Leydig
cells in the testis are controlled
by LH to produce testosterone.
FSH from the pituitary gland acts
on the seminiferous tubules to
make sperm.
Progesterone
Ovarian hormone
(corpus luteum)
Target
endometrium
Role maintenance
of endometrium
Receptive endometrium
Predominant in
second part of cycle

Yorgos Nikas, Wellcome Images

 Luteinising hormone (LH)
Anterior pituitary
hormone
Target corpus
luteum
Roles
ovulation
maintenance of
corpus luteum
Predominant in Corpus luteum
second part of cycle

Wellcome Photo Library

Oestrogen (estrogen)

Ovarian hormone
(ovarian follicle)
Target
endometrium
Role repair of
endometrium after
menstruation
Predominant in first
part of cycle Non-receptive endometrium

Yorgos Nikas, Wellcome Images

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Anterior pituitary
hormone Developing
ovarian follicles
Target ovarian
follicle
Role maturation of
ovarian follicle
Predominant in first
part of cycle

G Meyer, ANHB-UWA
PINEAL GLAND
The pineal gland is a
pine cone shaped gland
of the endocrine system.
A structure of the
diencephalon of the
brain, the pineal gland
produces several
important hormones
including melatonin.
THYMUS

The thymus is a gland

needed early in life for
normal immune function.
It is very large just after a
child is born and weighs
its greatest when a child
reaches puberty. Then its
tissue is replaced by fat.
The thymus gland
secretes hormones called
Thymosin
GLAND HORMONE FUNCTION

Pineal: Melatonin Circadian

rhythms

Control of
reproductive
activity
Thymus: Thymosin Immune function
makes T cells
immuno-competent