GROUND SCHOOL

METEOROLOGY
METAR/TAFs
 METAR

Aviation Routine Weather Report

 METAR

METAR CYWG 172000Z 30015G25KT 3/4SM R36/ 4000 FT/D SN BLSN

BKN008 OVC040 M05/M08 A2992 REFZRA WS RWY36 RMK SF5NS3
SLP134

METAR EXPLAINED
CYWG: Code letters of reporting station (CYWG means Winnipeg)
 METAR

METAR CYWG 172000Z 30015G25KT 3/4SM R36/ 4000 FT/D SN BLSN

BKN008 OVC040 M05/M08 A2992 REFZRA WS RWY36 RMK SF5NS3
SLP134

METAR EXPLAINED
172000Z: Date and time of observation (17 means 17th day of the month;
2000Z means 2000 UTC co-ordinated universal time
 METAR

METAR CYWG 172000Z 30015G25KT 3/4SM R36/ 4000 FT/D SN BLSN

BKN008 OVC040 M05/M08 A2992 REFZRA WS RWY36 RMK SF5NS3
SLP134

METAR EXPLAINED
30015G25KT: Wind and gust information
(winds from 3000 True @ 15 KTS Gusting to 25 KTS)

GUST FACTOR? 25 15 = 10 KT
 METAR

METAR CYWG 172000Z 30015G25KT 3/4SM R36/ 4000 FT/D SN BLSN

BKN008 OVC040 M05/M08 A2992 REFZRA WS RWY36 RMK SF5NS3
SLP134

METAR EXPLAINED
3/4SM: Prevailing visibility (3/4SM means statute mile)
 METAR

METAR CYWG 172000Z 30015G25KT 3/4SM R36/ 4000 FT/D SN BLSN

BKN008 OVC040 M05/M08 A2992 REFZRA WS RWY36 RMK SF5NS3
SLP134

METAR EXPLAINED
R36/ 4000 FT/D: Runway visual range (R36 means runway 36;
/ 4000 FT/D means visual range is 4000 feet and is decreasing)
 METAR

METAR CYWG 172000Z 30015G25KT 3/4SM R36/ 4000 FT/D SN BLSN

BKN008 OVC040 M05/M08 A2992 REFZRA WS RWY36 RMK SF5NS3
SLP134

METAR EXPLAINED
SN BLSN: Present weather (-SN means light snow;
BLSN means blowing snow)
SKY CONDITIONS

SKC Sky clear (No cloud present)

FEW Trace to 2 oktas (2/8)

SCT 3 to 4 oktas (3/8 to 4/8)

BKN 5 to 7 oktas (5/8 to 7/8)

OVC 8 oktas (8/8)

 METAR

METAR CYWG 172000Z 30015G25KT 3/4SM R36/ 4000 FT/D SN BLSN

BKN008 OVC040 M05/M08 A2992 REFZRA WS RWY36 RMK SF5NS3
SLP134

METAR EXPLAINED
BKN008 OVC040: Sky condition (BKN means broken cloud cover @ 800 feet;
OVC040 means overcast @ 4000 feet)
 METAR

METAR CYWG 172000Z 30015G25KT 3/4SM R36/ 4000 FT/D SN BLSN

BKN008 OVC040 M05/M08 A2992 REFZRA WS RWY36 RMK SF5NS3
SLP134

METAR EXPLAINED
M05/M08: Outside Air Temperature and Dewpoint (OAT/DPT); M is for Minus
 METAR

METAR CYWG 172000Z 30015G25KT 3/4SM R36/ 4000 FT/D SN BLSN

BKN008 OVC040 M05/M08 A2992 REFZRA WS RWY36 RMK SF5NS3
SLP134

METAR EXPLAINED
A2992: Altimeter setting (A2992 means altimeter setting of 29.92 inches of Hg)

Hg = mercury
 METAR

METAR CYWG 172000Z 30015G25KT 3/4SM R36/ 4000 FT/D SN BLSN

BKN008 OVC040 M05/M08 A2992 REFZRA WS RWY36 RMK SF5NS3
SLP134

METAR EXPLAINED
REFZRA: Recent weather (REFZRA means freezing rain was reported
since the last scheduled report but is not present at the time of this
Observation)
 METAR

METAR CYWG 172000Z 30015G25KT 3/4SM R36/ 4000 FT/D SN BLSN

BKN008 OVC040 M05/M08 A2992 REFZRA WS RWY36 RMK SF5NS3
SLP134

METAR EXPLAINED
WS RWY36: Windshear (WS means windshear was reported on runway 36)
 METAR

METAR CYWG 172000Z 30015G25KT 3/4SM R36/ 4000 FT/D SN BLSN

BKN008 OVC040 M05/M08 A2992 REFZRA WS RWY36 RMK SF5NS3
SLP134

METAR EXPLAINED
RMK SF5NS3 SLP134: Remarks (SF5 means 5 oktas of stratus fractus
cloud; NS3 means 3 oktas of nimbostratus cloud; SLP134 means sea level
pressure of 1013.4 hPa

1 hPa (hecto Pascal) = 1 mb (millibar)

 TAFs

Aerodrome Forecast
 TAF

TAF CYOG 011640Z 011717 28015KT P6SM SNRA FEW015 OCV040

TEMPO 1700 2SM SNRA BR OVC015
FM0000Z 28015KT P6SM BKN030 BKN250
TEMPO 0003 SHRA
FM 1000Z 30015KT P6SM SKC

TAF EXPLAINED
 TAF

TAF CYOG 011640Z 011717 28015KT P6SM SNRA FEW015 OCV040

TEMPO 1700 2SM SNRA BR OVC015
FM0000Z 28015KT P6SM BKN030 BKN250
TEMPO 0003 SHRA
FM 1000Z 30015KT P6SM SKC

TAF EXPLAINED
Forecast for Windsor issued on the 1st day of the month @ 1640 UTC and
valid from 1700 UTC (on the 1st) to 1700 UTC (on the 2nd)

Wind from 2800 true @ 15 KTS, visibility greater than 6 SM, light snow and rain,
few clouds @ 1500, overcast @ 4000

* 24 HOUR FORECAST
HOURS HOURS TAF

TAF CYOG 011640Z 011717 28015KT P6SM SNRA FEW015 OCV040

TEMPO 1700 2SM SNRA BR OVC015
FM0000Z 28015KT P6SM BKN030 BKN250
TEMPO 0003 SHRA
FM 1000Z 30015KT P6SM SKC

TAF EXPLAINED
A temporary fluctuation between 1700 UTC and 0000 UTC will bring visibility
of 2 SM, light snow and rain, mist, overcast @ 1500

TEMPO is only used when the modified forecast condition is expected to

last less than one hour the total period of the modified condition will not
cover more than half of the total forecast period.

When the modified forecast condition is expected to last more than one
hour, either FM or BECMG must be used.
 TAF
HOURS MINUTES!

TAF CYOG 011640Z 011717 28015KT P6SM SNRA FEW015 OCV040

TEMPO 1700 2SM SNRA BR OVC015
FM0000Z 28015KT P6SM BKN030 BKN250
TEMPO 0003 SHRA
FM 1000Z 30015KT P6SM SKC

TAF EXPLAINED
From 0000 UTC, the wind will be from 2800 true @ 15 KTS, visibility
greater than 6 SM, broken sky cover @ 3000, broken @ 25000

FROM indicates a ______

NEW forecast.
 TAF

TAF CYOG 011640Z 011717 28015KT P6SM SNRA FEW015 OCV040

TEMPO 1700 2SM SNRA BR OVC015
FM0000Z 28015KT P6SM BKN030 BKN250
TEMPO 0003 SHRA
FM 1000Z 30015KT P6SM SKC

TAF EXPLAINED
A temporary fluctuation between 0000 UTC and 0300 UTC will bring light
rain showers.
 TAF

TAF CYOG 011640Z 011717 28015KT P6SM SNRA FEW015 OCV040

TEMPO 1700 2SM SNRA BR OVC015
FM0000Z 28015KT P6SM BKN030 BKN250
TEMPO 0003 SHRA
FM 1000Z 30015KT P6SM SKC

TAF EXPLAINED
From 1000 UTC, the wind will be from 3000 true @ 15 KTS, visibility
greater than 6 SM, sky clear.