Dr Monika Jain

What is a value?
Qualities, characteristics, or ideas about which
we feel strongly.
Our values affect our decisions, goals and
behavior.
A belief or feeling that someone or something
is worthwhile.
Values define what is of worth, what is
beneficial, and what is harmful
Values are standards to guide your action,
judgments, and attitudes.
 Concept of Values

Values are the basic convictions that give us a sense of right

and wrong, good and bad.
Thus values form the basis of ethical behaviour.
A value system is a set of consistent ethic values and
measures used for the purpose of ethical or ideological
integrity.
A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individuals values in
terms of their intensity forms his/her value system.
WHAT ARE VALUES?
 A Belief.
A Mission.
A Philosophy.
That is meaningful.
 Concept of Values

Values are the basic convictions that give us a sense

of right and wrong, good and bad.
Thus values form the basis of ethical behaviour.
A value system is a set of consistent ethic values
and measures used for the purpose of ethical or
ideological integrity.
A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individuals
values in terms of their intensity forms his/her value
system.
 Social Values
The quality (positive or negative) that
renders something desirable or valuable
 Social Values
The quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or
valuable

Principles, standards or qualities considered

worthwhile or desirable by the person who
holds them.
 Social Values
The quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or
valuable
Principles, standards or qualities considered worthwhile or desirable
by the person who holds them.

Those qualities of behavior, thought, and

character that society regards as being
intrinsically good, having desirable results,
and worthy of emulation by others.
 Social Values
The quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or valuable
Principles, standards or qualities considered worthwhile or desirable by the person
who holds them.
Those qualities of behavior, thought, and character that society regards as being
intrinsically good, having desirable results, and worthy of emulation by others.

Values are our subjective reactions to the

world around us. They guide and mold our
options and behavior.Values have three
important characteristics.
Developed early in life and are very resistant to change.
Define what is right and what is wrong.
Cannot be proved correct or incorrect, valid or invalid,
right or wrong. Values tell what we should believe,
regardless of any evidence or lack thereof.
 You have been given a check for $1000.00
to do whatever you like with it. What
would you do with it?
Share with the class what you would do with it.

Conclusion:
What you spend the money on has
everything to do with what you value
 Hypocrite One who subscribes to one set
of values, and does another.

Immaturity - One who has not identified

his values.

Immaturity: Maturity
Unclear values Clear values
Drifters Life of purpose
Flighty Meaning and direction
Uncertain
Apathetic
 What things did you do during the past
week.

What you choose to do with your time also

has everything to do with what you values.
Direction:
Values Goals Behavior Self-value

Values give direction and consistency to

behavior.
Values help you know what to and not to
make time for.
Values establish a relationship between
you and the world.
Values set the direction for ones life.
 Where do we get values?

our homes, culture,

school, employers,
society, time-period in
friends, which you were
TV, raised (70s anti-
establishment,
church, peace, individuality.
music, 80s money, prestige,
books, dont get caught, etc.
families, 90s earth, green
peace, health and
fitness), etc.
Your age will greatly influence your values.
Different people and things influence you at
different ages:

Ages 1-7 --- parents

Ages 8-13 --- teachers, heroes (sports,
rocks, TV)
Ages 14-20 --- peers (values because of
peers or peers because of values?)
Ages 21+ your values are established, but
you may test your values from time to
time.
 Value versus Facts:
Values are things we feel should,
ought, or are supposed to
influence our lives.
VALUE: All people should be active
in a specific religion.
VALUE: The best time to buy
clothing is when the price is
discounted.
A value is a statement of ones
personal beliefs.
Facts simply state what actually
are. It is easy to confuse values
with facts.
FACT: Many people are active in a
specific religion.
FACT: The most economical time
to buy clothing is when the
seasons change and the price is
reduced.
A fact is established by
observation and measurement.
Values and Behaviors:

Happiness comes from letting values

decide your behavior and goals.

Values can change over a life-time as your

experiences change your view.
Its not doing things
right,
but doing the right
things.
Some Influences On the
Development Of Personal Values
Family

Religion Peers

Personal
Value
System

Technology Education

Media
 Importance of Values

1 2 3
Values lay the Individuals enter
foundation for the organizations
understanding of with notions of Values generally
attitudes and what is right and influence
motivation because wrong with which attitudes and
they influence our they interpret behavior.
perceptions. behaviors or
outcomes
 PURPOSES OF VALUES

They help us
Values have
to decide Using values
also a social
whether will always
function.
preferences or They become mean going
Those derived
events are the basic through
from
good or bad, determiners of certain
commonality
right or perceptions, processes:
of experience
wrong, opinions and motivation,
unite families,
desirable or attitudes. selection,
tribes,
worthless, appraisal
societies and
important or (evaluation).
nations.
insignificant.
General Personal
Values Values The
Accepted by a
operationalizat
majority as
ion of general
reflecting the
values in
basic
personal life of
orientation of a
each
given society.
individual.
Ex. Sense of
nationhood,
Ex. Honesty,
enlightened
fairness,
and useful
charitableness,
citizenship,
courtesy and
democratic
self-discipline
way of life,
and humanism.
 Personal Group

Diligence, self- Loyalty,

reliance, cooperation,
gratitude values-laden,
societal (justice,
respect for
human rights,
human dignity).
 Organizational values.
-- Sears' commitment to trusting the
customer.
-- Apple Computer's belief in the
values of solving problems of society.
-- Marriott's values of systemization
and standardization.
DO YOU UNDERSTAND?
 Values & Attitudes
1. Both are learned or acquired from the same sources, experience.
2. Both affect behaviour of people.
3. Both are difficult to change.
Values Attitudes

It represent judgement of what is right. It represent predispositions to respond

They represent single belief that guides

An attitude represents several beliefs
actions and judgement across objects and
relating to a specific object or situation.
situations.

Values are derived from social and cultural Attitudes are derived from personal
mores. experiences.
 Types of Values

VALUES

Terminal Instrumental
Values Values
Terminal Values
Desirable end-states
of existence; the
goals that a person
would like to achieve
during his or her
lifetime.
Instrumental Values
Preferable modes
of behavior or
means of achieving
ones terminal
values.
Indian society values
Hofstede found different patterns in
different societies.
Indian society can be characterized as
being oriented towards
centralized decision making,
high tolerance for ambiguity,
collectivism rather than individualism,
strong tendency to show off
give importance to material things.
 Leadership and Doing the Right
Things (Bennis)
Leaders face dilemmas that require
choices between competing sets of
values and priorities (i.e.,satisfying
multiple stakeholders).
Leaders set a moral example to
others that becomes the model for an
entire group or organization, for good
or bad.
 Leadership and Doing the Right
Things
Leaders should internalize a strong set
of ethics, principles of right
conduct, or a system of moral
values.
Good leaders tend to align the
values of their followers with those of
the organization or movement.
 Ethics
It is difficult to know when a decision is ethical.
Here is a good test:
Leader Ethics: If a leader makes a decision falling
within usual standards, is willing to personally
communicate the decision to stakeholders,
believes friends would approve ,believes it
would be okay if it was a lead story in
tomorrows news----- then it is likely an ethical
decision.
 Why Behave Ethically?
Leaders should behave ethically to
avoid harming others.

Unethical leaders run the risk for

loss of reputation.

Unethical behavior might be

exposed.
 How Values Impact Leadership
Values are a primary determinant in what data are
reviewed by leaders and how they define
problems.
Values often influence leaders perceptions of
individual and organizational successes as well as
the manner in which these successes are achieved.
Values help leaders choose right from wrong,
and between ethical and unethical behavior.
 How Values Impact Leadership
Values are a primary determinant in what data are
reviewed by leaders and how they define
problems.
Values often influence leaders perceptions of
individual and organizational successes as well as
the manner in which these successes are achieved.
Values help leaders choose right from wrong,
and between ethical and unethical behavior.
Leadership and Org.Values
It is vital for a leader to
set a personal
example of values-
based leadership to
make sure that clear Its important that people
values guide everyones know what you stand for. Its
equally important that they
behavior in the know what you wont
organization. stand for.

~Mary
Waldrop
Leadership and Org.Values

If there is indifference or
hypocrisy toward values
at the highest levels,
then it is fairly unlikely
that principled behavior
will be considered
important by others
throughout the
organization.