Unit II

Tire Pressure Monitoring System

(TPMS)
The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TMPS) is
an electronic system in your vehicle that
monitors your tire air pressure and alerts you
when it falls dangerously low
 Types of TPMS
Direct TPMS
Indirect TPMS
 Direct TPMS
It uses a sensor mounted in the wheel to measure
air pressure in each tire. When air pressure drops 25%
below the manufacturers recommended level, the
sensor transmits that information to your cars
computer system and triggers your dashboard indicator
light.

Indirect TPMS
It works with your cars Antilock Braking Systems
(ABS) wheel speed sensors. If a tires pressure is low, it
will roll at a different wheel speed than the other tires.
This information is detected by your cars computer
system, which triggers the dashboard indicator light.
 Benefits of TPMS
TPMS notifies you when your vehicles tire
pressure is low or is going flat.
By helping you maintain proper tire pressure
TPMS can increase your safety on the road by
improving your vehicles handling
Decreasing tire wear
Reducing braking distance
Bettering fuel economy
 Steering Position Sensors
The steering position sensors basic function is
to monitor the drivers steering inputs. This
includes the angle of the steering wheel
and/or the rate at which the driver is turning
the wheel.
The information may be used to vary hydraulic
pressure in a variable-assist power steering
system, or by a stability control system to
improve handling, braking and traction under
changing driving conditions.
 The SAS is located in a sensor cluster in the
steering column. The cluster always has more
than one steering position sensor for
redundancy and to confirm data.
 Types
Analog Steering Sensors
Digital Steering Position Sensor
 Analog Steering Sensors
Analog SASs are similar to throttle position sensors.
SASs are wired with a 5-volt reference, chassis ground
and signal output and can be tested via a port under
the steering column. As the steering wheel is turned,
the SAS produces a signal that toggles between 0 and 5
volts as the wheel is turned 360.
It is possible to observe the 0 to 5 volt signal with
meters connected to the two SAS sensors. When the
wheels are straight forward, the sensors read 2.8v and
4v. If the readings are the same, the two sensors could
be shorted together. Most vehicles produce a positive
voltage turning right, and a negative voltage turning
left
 Digital Steering Position Sensor
A digital SAS is often called a contactless
sensor. This type of sensor uses LED light, a
wheel that acts as a shutter and an optic
sensor that measures interruption in the light.
These sensors produce a digital square wave
signal with the frequency depending on the
speed the wheel is turning. With the wheel
straight, the voltage is low, but it increases as
the wheel is turned away from center