Building Services Design Process

Engineer Fahad Hasan

Yousuf Hasan Associates
Consulting Engineers
Building Services

Europe Building Services

Middle East- MEP Services

Asian Countries M&E Services

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services
Branch of Engineering that combines all the
building services in buildings
Services
Other than Architectural and Structural

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Engineer
Building Services are what make a building
come to life.

A building must do what it is designed to do

not just provide shelter but also be an
environment where people can live, work and
achieve.

Building Services Engineer is the one who makes

that happen
Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com
Building Services
Building Services represent 30-50% of the
construction costs in buildings

40-50% of the energy consumed are due to

buildings

60-80% of the energy consumed in buildings

are due to Building Services

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services - Background
Building Services has a rich history

ASHRE was formed in 1959 by the merger of American Society of Heating

and A/C engineers founded in 1894 and American Society of
Refrigerating Engineers founded in 1904.

Building Services were formally recognized in 1976 with the formation of

Chartered Institution of Building Services (CIBS). The word Engineers was
added in 1985 to become the Chartered Institution of Building Services
Engineers (CIBSE).

ASHRAE and CIBSE has contributed immensely towards the development.

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Engineering
ELECTRICAL SERVICES MECHANICAL SERVICES
Lighting Air conditioning &
Electrical power ventilation systems
distribution Fire protection
Telephone/communicatio Water supply
n systems Sewer, waste water and
Fire detection, security & storm water disposal
surveillance systems Solid waste disposal
Lifts/escalators and Acoustics
transportation systems

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Engineering
Energy supply gas, electricity and power
Natural and artificial lighting
Escalators and lifts
Heating and air conditioning
Ventilation and refrigeration
Water, drainage and plumbing
Acoustics
Fire detection and protection
Security and alarm systems
Telephone and IT networks
Operation and maintenance

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Role of Building Services Engineer

Four distinct areas associated with it

Design

Manufacture

Installation

Maintenance

Knowledge of (the above + architecture) makes a

complete Building Services Engineer

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Role of Building Services Engineer

Building Design Team requires

Initialinputs, user requirements
Door and window design

Site selection noise levels etc.

Location and orientation of the buildings

Design of the envelope

Planning of internal divisions

Actual Designs to follow

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Developments
Building Services Management
Facilities Management
Water management
Lighting Design

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Management

For What ??
Higher energy efficiency
Maintain appropriate comfort levels

Higher productivity

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Energy Efficiency
DEPENDS ON
Building envelope/fabric
Building Services

Management of building services (often

neglected)

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Facilities Management
DEFINITION (of European Committee for
Standardization and ratified by British
Standards)
Facilities
Management is the integration of
processes within an organization to maintain and
develop the agreed services which support and
improve the effectiveness of its primary activities

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Facilities Management
Areas covered
Property Strategy Quality Policy, Maintenance
Policy, Purchasing Policy, etc.
Space Management

Communication and Infrastructure including building

fabric
Building Maintenance

Administration and Contract Management including

catering, cleaning, mail room, health and safety

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Facilities Management
PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTIONS
The Chartered Institution of Building Services
Engineers, UK (CIBSE) Facilities Management
Group
British Institute of Facility Management (BIFM)

CIBSE and BIFM have joined forces, through

signing a MOU, in December 2004 to develop
and promote excellence in facilities
management practices.

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Institution promoting building services

Internationally
CIBSE

ASHRAE

Locally
Pakistan Engineering Council
Institution of Engineers Pakistan

ASHRAE Pakistan Chapter

Pakistan HVACR Society

Pakistan Green Building Council

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Sustainability
Sustainable development is one that meets
the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Design Process
Design of building services proceeds through
the following phases. The process is subject to
economic and time constraints, to availability
of or preferences for certain equipment and to
modifications in design criteria as the project
progresses
Concept Stage
Schematic Design
Preliminary Design
Construction Phase
Acceptance of or commission Phase

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Design Process

Concept Stage
The functional use of the building, owner and
occupant requirements, architectural concepts and
budget limitations are typically determined during
this phase. These requirements should be
documented in a statement of design intent for the
building systems, which is refined and updated as
the design progresses. If cold-air distribution is to
be considered for the project, it is best to advance
the option at this point, so the entire design can
be developed to best realize its benefits.

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Design Process

For example, the reduced space required

for ductwork may allow revisions to the
structural design and substantial cost
savings. Reduced duct space may also be a
solution for architectural design concepts
such as vaulted ceilings. Similarly, if
underfloor air distribution is to be
considered, this is the time to evaluate that
option, because it affects building height
and services design.

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Design Process

The concept phase begins when the owner

identifies the need for the project and the
program is developed. The two end
products of the program phase for the
services engineer
A detailed design intent statement describing
the selected systems
A commissioning or implementation plan
outlining the process by which the system will
be designed, installed and commissioned

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Design Process

The design team performs a feasibility

study to evaluate system options and
establish a budget. At the conclusion of the
concept phase, the owner selects the
desired systems, and the design team
produces the design intent statement.

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Design Process
The Owners program includes information to
develop the following design criteria:
Building area, height and number of stories
Geographic site location
Building construction materials, area and type of
glazing and insulation levels
Conceptual architectural drawings
Functions of each area in the building
Occupancy and operating schedules
Environmental requirements, such as temperature and
humidity set points
Process loads, temperature and flow requirements

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Design Process
Power requirements of the project
Life safety analysis which determines the type of
fire fighting system
Water requirements of the project
Possibilities for future growth or expansion
Acoustic requirements
Applicable codes and standards
Space available for equipment
Reliability requirements
Budgets for capital costs and operating costs
Sustainability requirements

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Design Process
Schematic Design
In this phase, the designer selects and compares
appropriate systems to meet the buildings
functional needs and develops recommendations
for the owner. This phase typically involves
evaluation of the benefits and trade offs of
different design approaches.
Annual energy consumption, demand and costs, as
well as system installed costs, are estimated.
The level of analysis may range from simple rule
of thumb estimates to hour by hour simulations
with detailed cost comparisons

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Design Process

Preliminary
During this phase, building services engineer
coordinates the MEP systems with architectural
and structural systems to resolve potential
conflicts.
Building lighting calculations are refined
Building power calculations are refined, detail
load schedules are prepared
HVAC calculations are refined
Equipment sizes and capacities are selected,
System layouts are developed

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Design Process

Final Design and Preparation of

Construction Documents
Inthis stage, the preliminary layouts and
equipment selections are fully developed and
the final drawings and specifications are
completed.
Some projects involve preparing alternative
designs, with bids for all options. In such cases,
the primary option generally receives the most
effort during the design

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Design Process

Construction Phase
The design engineers responsibilities during
this phase typically include reviewing shop
drawings, observing construction, and
conducting or witnessing system performance
tests.
Contractors may require guidance to ensure
that they follow the project specifications
rather than their standard methods

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Design Process

Acceptance or Commissioning Phase

The term commissioning is often used to
refer to the start up and functional
performance testing of MEP systems.
Experience has shown that a comprehensive
commissioning procedure is essential to the
success of a project

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Design Process
5 steps for successful completion of complex building
project
Whether its a new hospital, renovation of an existing
laboratory, or expansion of a manufacturing facility, complex
building systems in complex building types are designed to
perform at high levels. However, if not commissioned properly,
the high-performing facility you thought was being built could
be severely underperforming. In fact, a recent study by
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory shows that in the U.S.
alone, nearly $10 billion is wasted through energy
inefficiencies, such as air duct leakages, unbalanced airflow,
valve leakages, improper controls setup and so on.
How can you save money and ensure that your complex
building is commissioned properly? For starters, there are five
simple steps.

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Design Process
1. Start early
Begin the commissioning process during the pre-
design or design stages. Just because the bulk of
the commissioning effort takes place after
construction completion does not mean that you
should wait until then to begin commissioning. The
process should start as early as possible and be a
collaborative effort among all key stakeholders in
the buildings success: owner, architects, engineers,
construction manager, subcontractors, building
management, and maintenance personnel.

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Design Process
2. Make a clear plan
Create a commissioning plan that defines the roles and expectations of each
stakeholder throughout the commissioning process. Most subcontractors do not
understand what is expected of them during commissioning, drastically slowing
the process. Preparing a commissioning plan as early as possible is key to
maintaining the speed necessary to complete the project on time with no loss of
quality. The plan provides direction during the commissioning process,
particularly with regard to issues and details not fully developed during
design, such as scheduling, participating parties, lines of reporting and
approvals, coordination and so on.
In conjunction, a commissioning matrix can be developed that lists all of the
commissioning tasks, who is responsible for their completion, and the timing of
those steps, providing a visual document to guide the process. The tasks
identified in the matrix include procedures for review and acceptance;
requirements for documentation, development and approval of commissioning
plans; schedules; and inspection and testing. By taking these steps, the
subcontractors responsibilities are clarified, making commissioning a much
smoother process.

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Design Process
3. Put it into the schedule
Commissioning activities should be built right into
the master construction schedule. By incorporating
the various commissioning tasks as line items in the
master schedule, they are more likely to be
completed in the proper sequence for a successful
result. Adding commissioning to the master
schedule also reinforces each stakeholders
responsibilities over time, and reemphasizes the
collaborative nature of the process by putting
commissioning front and center for everyone to
see.
.

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Design Process
4. Document the process
Documenting each commissioning actcreating a
log of performance standards, inspections, testing,
and if necessary, corrective actions, for systems
and equipmentverifies that all relevant design
and construction work meets the objectives
established during the pre-design and/or design
stages. Detailed binders housing these
commissioning logs, known as turnover packages,
can then be created and maintained to serve as a
historical record of the commissioning process for
the facilitys systems.

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Design Process

5. Train the operators

To ensure consistent building performance on
an ongoing basis, it is essential to train the
facility staff and management team regarding
the correct operating procedures for all
systems installed. This effort can include one-
on-one training from the equipment
manufacturer/vendor and/or the controls
contractor, as well as producing manual and
video support programs.

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Design Process
Summing it up
Although not a comprehensive list, these five steps are the cornerstone of a
good commissioning process. This effort helps assure owners that:
The project will be successfully completed within schedule parameters.
The facility is fully functional at first occupancy.
The building optimizes energy efficiency to reduce operational costs.
Facility managers and maintenance personnel are fully trained and engaged,
creating a better chance that ongoing maintenance is managed, reducing
system down time, expenses and so on.
A safer, more comfortable environment is created for workers and guests.
There will be less miscommunication throughout the construction process.
There will be fewer change orders.

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com

Building Services Design Process

thank you
Q/A

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, fahad@yhassociates.com