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OF
TEACHING I
UNIT I
CHAPTER I
Ability
Aptitude
Interests
Family and Cultural background
Attitudes and Values
Howard Earl Gardner
(born July 11, 1943) is an The author of over twenty books
American developmental translated into over thirty
psychologist and the John H. and languages, he is best known for
Elisabeth A. Hobbs Professor of his theory of multiple
Cognition and Education at the intelligences.
Harvard Graduate School of
Education at Harvard University.
He is the Senior Director of
Harvard Project Zero, and since
1995, he has been the co-director
of the Good Project.
Verbal- Linguistic Intelligence
Sensitive to sounds,
meanings, structures and
style of language.
Inclination to speaking, writing,
listening and reading.
Ability to speak effectively
(teacher, religious leader,
politician) or write effectively
(poet, journalist, novelist,
copywriter, editor)
Logical- Mathematical Intelligence
patterns, numbers and numerical
data, causes and effects, objective
and quantitative reasoning.
finding patterns, making calculations, forming and testing hypothesis, using
the scientific method, deductive and inductive reasoning.
work effectively with numbers (accountant, statistician, economist)
and reason effectively (engineer,
scientist, computer programmer)
Spatial Intelligence
colors,shapes, visual puzzles, accurately (tour guide, scout,
symmetry, lines, images ranger)
representing ideas visually,
creating mental images,
noticing visual details, drawing
and sketching
create visually (artist,
photographer, engineer,
decorator) and visualize
Bodily- Kinesthetic Intelligence
Touch, movement, physical self,
athleticism
Activities acquiring strength, speed,
flexibility, hand-eye coordination
and balance
Use the hands to fix or create
(mechanic, surgeon, carpenter,
sculptor, mason) and use the body
expressively (dancer, athlete, actor)
. Musical Intelligence
or) and analyze music (music critiTone, beat, tempo, melody,
pitch, sound
Listening, singing, playing an
instrument
Create music (song writer,
Once a teacher,
forever a student.
PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES
Personality is the sum of ones personal characteristics. It is ones
identity. Teachers more than any other professional, are
momentarily subjected to scrutiny to the minutest detail and
observation by those they associate with.
Passion
It
is a compelling force that emerges from teachers love for
children.
Humor
Teachers
humor connects them with their students like a
magnet. They help in merging two words-youth and maturity.
Enthusiasm
Enthusiasm is synonymous to eagerness and excitement.
Enthusiastic teachers are full of energy and dynamism. Their
passion and love for children are easily felt. Everyone
anticipates an interesting and enjoyable learning activity
unfortunately. Not all the teachers are born with an alert and
zestful disposition. With enthusiastic teachers Students look
forward to any activity they can participate in with them.
Commitment
Commitment is a Solemn Promise to perform the duties and
responsibilities mandated by the laws and code of ethics of the
profession. It is unwavering pledge to perform all teaching and
learning activities with consistency and selflessness to the best
interest of the student under their care. Committed teachers
are caring and dedicated. They are ready to carry on no matter
the price. Dedication to the teaching job is the true essence of
professionalism. Today we lament over the fast disappearing
breed of teachers with a missionary spirit.
Values and Attitude
Teachersare models of values. Whether conscious of them or
not, values are exhibited implicitly and explicitly. Values connote
standards, code of ethics and strong beliefs.
Patience
It
is refers to a teachers uncomplaining nature , self control and
persistence.
What is
an
effective
teacher ?
EFFECTIVE TEACHER
is a leader who can inspire and
influence students, knows his /her
subject well, and is kind and
respectful toward his /her students.
She/he also has high standards and
expectations coexisting with
encouragement, support and
flexibility.
Here are some research findings
on EFFECTIVE TEACHERS
compiled by James H. Stronge
(2012). Discuss their implications
to teacher pre-service education:
1. Teacher with a major and minor
in content area are associated with
higher student achievement
especially in the area of science
and mathematics.
2. Caring teachers who know their
students create relationship know
their students create relationships
that enhance their learning process.
3. Effective teachers practice
gender, racial and ethnic fairness.
The NCBTS is an
integrated theoretical
framework that defines
the different dimensions
of effective teaching,
where effective teaching
means being able to help
all types of students
learn the different
learning goals in the
curriculum.
Why Do We Need the NCBTS?
Filipino
teachers often get mixed signals about what it
means to be an effective teacher. For example, they
may have been taught definitions of good teaching by
teacher educators in their pre-service education that
seem to be different from what their principals and
super visors expect in their schools. Alternatively,
teachers are taught new teaching approaches that
seem inconsistent with the Performance Appraisal
System. What is worse is when teachers who have the
reputation of being ineffective teachers are promoted
to higher ranks.
Teaching involves the
reflective acquisition and
application of complex and
problematic technical
knowledge to facilitating
student learning in actual
contexts.
Unit
I
Chapter 3
THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
Acquisition of
Make sense of
knowledge- Fluency
the world
base
Solve Make
problems decisions
Inert ideas
These are the ideas that are merely received by the mind
without being utilized, or tested, or thrown into fresh
combination.
Is memorizing without understanding considered learning?
LEARNING PRINCIPLES
Horne and Pine (1990)
Learning is an experience which occurs inside the learner
and is activated by the learner.
Learning is the discovery of the personal meaning and
relevance of ideas.
Leaning (behavioral change) is a consequence of
experience.
Learning is a cooperative and collaborative process.
Learning is an evolutionary process.
Learning is sometimes a painful process.
Things
most often repeated are best
remembered.
Paulo Freire
Additional Law
(Principles)
Law of Primacy
Thingslearned first create a strong
impression.
Law of intensity
Promote dialogue
Show students
Promote dialogue
It
is narrowing down from many possible
thoughts to end up on a single best thought or an
answer to a problem.
Problem solving
The Learners
The Teacher
School policies
Selection and
Use of Instructional
Materials
General principles in the use of Instructional Materials:
1. All instructional materials are aids to
instructions. They do not replace the teacher.
2. Choose the instructional material that best
suits your instructional objectives.
3. If possible, use a variety of tools.
4. Check out your instructional material before
class starts to be sure it is working properly.
5. Learn how to use the instructional material.
During instruction
After instruction
Teaching Approach,
Strategy,
Method and Technique
Teaching Approach- a set of principles,
beliefs or ideas about the nature of
learning which is translated into the
classroom.
a. Instructional tutoring
b. Same age tutoring
c. Monitorial tutoring
d. Structural tutoring
e. Semi-structured tutoring
PartnerLearning
-learning with a partner
-may also mean assigning study buddy
Guidelines for effective use:
1. To prevent from socializing, give students
specific amount of time and a specific prompt
for discussion.
2. Give your students less time than you think
they actually need.
Inductive Deductive
Deductive Method
The direct method and demonstration method of
instruction are deductive method
4.Constructivist Approach
-an active process that results from self-
constructed meanings
-a meaningful connection is established
between prior knowledge and the present
learning
5.
Integrative Approach
-is intradisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and
transdisciplinary
-teachers integrate the sub disciplines within
a subject area.
Problem-based Learning (PBL)
-a concrete example of transdisciplinary
teaching
-it is the learning that results from the
process of working toward the understanding of
the resolution of a problem
Selection and
Use of Instructional
Materials
General principles in the use of Instructional Materials:
All instructional materials are aids to
instructions. They do not replace the teacher.
6. Emphasize on self-assessment.
- Danielson asserts: assessments should not force students
to compete against one another: any competition should be
between students and their own prior performance.
Prior to instruction
During instruction
After instruction
Moment
Materials
Man
Principles in Classroom
Management
1. Consistent,
proactive discipline
is the crux of
effective classroom
management.
Prevention is
better than
cure so goes the
adage. If we are
proactive in our
approach to
discipline we
avoid
unnecessary
disciplinary
problems from
cropping up.
2.Establish routines
for all daily tasks
and needs.
We have not explain or instruct our pupils/ students on
how to pass papers, collect assignments, prepare for
experiments day in and day out because we have
established the routines for these everyday tasks.
They have become habitual for each member of the
class. Students already know what to do and under
what condition. Routine procedures give rise to
orderly learning environment and maximum and
optimum use of precious time.
2) team learning
2) compassion
d. Unanticipated transitions
USE OF MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Make clear your rules and procedures on the
distribution and collection of materials, storage of
common materials, the teachers desk and storage
areas, the use of the pencil sharpener.
GROUP WORK
Research shows that group work like cooperative
learning has positive impact on student
achievement, interpersonal relationships and
attitudes about learning.