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P.K.Nagarajan
Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
S.A. Engineering College
Chennai.
Introduction
A need of pure water is an important phenomenon in day-to-
day life. Due to increase in population growth the need of
drinking water is shrinking.
The possible ways of getting pure water is from rivers,
lakes, wells, rains etc. This kind of surface water must be
purified for human consumption.
The purification of water involves the removal of un
dissolved substances, dissolved substances and harmful
microbes.
The un dissolved substances are removed by sand filtration
and the microbes are killed through chlorination and by
boiling. Solar desalination does all the three function.
People living in remote areas or islands, where fresh water
supply by means of transport is expensive, face the problem
of water shortage every day.
Solar still presents some specific advantages for their use in
these areas due to its easier construction using locally
available materials, minimum operation and maintenance
requirements and friendliness to the environment.
Factors affecting the efficiency of
solar still
The efficiency of the solar still depends upon the following
important parameters :-
1. Tilt angle of cover plate
2. Depth of water
3. Feed water flow rate
4. Cover plate temperature
5. Effect of stills
6. Convective heat transfer from cover plate and side walls
7. Design of structures and shapes
8. Solar tracking
9. Coating
10. External enhancement like heat pipe, coolers.
Literature review
Title Author Interference from the study
Effect of water depth on the G.N.Tiwari The yield was 11.5 kgm-2day-1 and
performance of an inverted keeps on decreasing when the
absorber double basin solar depth of water increased.
still, Energy There is no significant increase in
Conversion & Management the productivity if the number of
40 (1999) 18851897 basin is more than three.
Title Author Interference from the study
A Hybrid Solar Desalination Voropoulos. K., Single basin integrated with heater.
and Water Heating System, Mathioulakis, E.,
Desalination, 164 (2004), 2, Belessiotis, V Productivity of the still is 2.5 times
pp. 189-195 than the conventional solar still.
An experimental study on a Arunkumar. T, R. The average output of 3.5 l/m2/day
hemispherical solar still, Jayaprakash , D. without cooling and 4.2 l/m2/day
Desalination 286 (2012) Denkenberger, with cooling of cover.
342348 Amimul Ahsan , The temperature of the inlet water
M.S. Okundamiya , can e increased by using PCM
Sanjay Kumar, storage tanks.
Hiroshi Tanaka
,H.S. Aybar
Design and performance of a Basel I. Ismail Typically produces 2.8 to 5.7 lm-2
transportable hemispherical day.
solar still, Renewable Energy
34 (2009) 145150
Title Author Interference from the study
Thermal performance of a El.Sebaii.A.A Daily productivity equals 12.635
triple basin solar still, kgm-1day-1 with an average
Desalination, 174 (2005), pp intensity of 651 Wm-2.
23-37 The total daily productivity of the
system is maximum for the least
water masses in the lower and
middle basins without dry spots
over the base of the each effect