Urban Regeneration

Siti Nurbaya Bt Mohd Zali

Siti Hanim Abd Rahman
Norazrin Bt Mazlan (C)
Rafiuddin B Roslan
 Definition of Urban Regeneration

Roberts and Sykes (2000)- urban regeneration is a comprehensive and

integrated vision and action to address urban problem through a lasting
improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental condition
of an area. With the given of emphasis on partnership and strategic approach,
it can perform and enabling role in achieving sustainability.

Merriem Webster dictionary - defines Urban Regeneration as the

rehabilitation of deteriorated or distressed urban areas, by slum clearance
and redevelopment construction in housing and public facilities.
Urban Regeneration is intermingled with urban renewal and urban
redevelopment where urban regeneration is regarded as a part of urban
renewal initiatives.

In differentiating them, urban redevelopment is regarded as the

physical activity of reconstructing distressed or dilapidated areas into better
environments
Urban Redevelopment- destroy old erect new

Urban Regeneration is a comprehensive programme of land

development with the complex combination of economic, physical planning,
management and social consideration.

Urban Regeneration- The old is enhanced new developments

are constructed to revitalise the economic growth and the social
environments of the selected areas.
Shasha Tsenkova, (2000):

Urban Regeneration is one of the most important strategies to make

inner city decline and deprivation.

Wealth:
Jobs:
The generation of profit,
Various of job Urban
income, resources and
opportunities, Regeneration
how these are distributed
quality and skills
between rich and poor
areas and groups.
Investment:
Businesses, urban infrastructure,
offices, houses, public utilities,
commercial, tourist attraction,
sports and cultural facilities.
 Factors to Urban Decay

Earlier era of agricultural and industrialization, high migration

and population growth become major factor for emerging of
new township and city

Expansion and sprawling of cities happen as current city

could not meet the raising demand of resources and needs.
Ex: spaces, housing, transportation and social lifestyle, etc.

Continued sprawling and expansion consequently leave areas

to run down and decay thus adversely affects the physical,
economic, social and environments of inner city areas.
 Issues and Problems

Emerging issues and occurred problem interrelated with

physical infrastructure, economic stability, social
sustainability, environment value continuation of an area.

Physical Environment

Issues and
Problems

Economic Social
 Physical Factors

New housing estates and townships emerged to ease the

inner city congestion and over-crowding problems causing
accommodations being gradually under-utilized and some
being left abandoned.

Changes of government policies which focusing on

development in new areas causing the deteriorating urban
infrastructure and services in the old cities.

Imbalance growth as well as aesthetically between old and

new urban to the urban scene. In some cases decay urban
area also affect the properties around it.
 Economic Factors

Economic restructuring transformation in most urban areas

changing from manufacturing to services economic base.

Industry began relocating outside of the city causing

experienced massive population loss as more peoples
migrating to seek for job opportunities outside.

Fewer stakeholders interest on the local economic as more

major investment focusing on the new development.
 Social Factors

Depopulation occurrence becomes often as more dweller

move out seeking better economic opportunities and quality
of life living in the suburbs or outskirts of the city.

Inner city increasingly occupied by the lower class group thus

concentration of poverty higher, rise of unemployment, and
physical isolation in these areas.

Loss of participation in society, lack of access in labor market,

weak position in housing markets, limited political
participation, and restricted social-cultural integration.
 Environment Factors

Infrastructure left vacant or under-used due to contamination

caused by previous land use activities can be danger or
hazardous to surrounding living things including human.
Ex: such as waste disposal or manufacturing facilities.

Pollution result from the previous uncontrolled activities

making the urban environment become unfriendly for living
environment.

Unsupervised or abandoned area also known factor related to

health problems such as disease, sickness, infections, etc.
The Effects
Depopulation

Desolate,
Economic
unfriendly urban
landscapes restructuring

Effect
Characteristics Property
Crime
abandonment

Fragmented High
families unemployment
 Concept of Urban Regenerations

present regeneration efforts are more comprehensive

with the combination of economic, physical,
institutional and social considerations for building
effective and sustainable environments.
Urban regeneration are brought together to improve
the social sustainability, economic stability and the
infrastructure of a geographical location and so help
improve the sustainability of the urban landscape it
occupies.
Learning from the British experience clearly explains
about methodology of the research combined
qualitative and quantitative methods.
 Analytical Framework

The literature review was conducted to bring together

theoretical concept and perfectives on urban
regeneration and public private partnership.
successful urban experience with regeneration
programs where diversity of approaches, sustainability
of result and partnership were the key.
Urban regeneration policy practice are depends on a
better understanding of local dynamics.
understand the urban regeneration process and the
application to public or private will help to bring batter
result.
Economic Analysis Social Analysis Environmental Analysis

INPUTS

External drivers of Application to an Internal drivers of

change individual urban area change

OUTPUTS

Neighborhood Physical Improvements

strategies Training & Education

Economic Development Environmental action

 Policies and Implementation

success stories of urban regeneration efforts from

various developed cities such as the UK, USA, and etc
can be benchmarked to see how concerted efforts have
transformed and revitalized cities.
in the UK, the high profile construction of the
innovative and exclusive waterside regeneration
development at London's Canary Wharf.
The transformation of the once shipping dockyard, has
boosted the Docklands into a major business centre
with improved transportation links and an increasingly
acceptable area to live with a more than double
population figure.
Landons Canary Wharf
 Policies and Implementation

Melbourne Docklands, Australia, is another

regeneration example.
The area, once used for docks, rail infrastructure and
industry, mostly fell out of use, vacant and unused
during the 1980s.
Urban regeneration began in 2000 and now the
project boasts wide open water promenades and road
boulevards with contributions of landscaping and
public art commissions.
The Melbourne Docklands has become a sought after
business address attracting multinational corporate
businesses.
 Policies and Implementation

the transport-led urban regeneration efforts of the

KL Sentral as Kuala Lumpur citys transportation hub.
The project represents a vivid transformation of the
Brickfields neighbourhood into a more promising
local economy and creating development
opportunities and impetus for growth in the area.
It is clear that the transformation of Brickfields from
an ethnic residential and commercial enclave to a
cosmopolitan hub is linked to the railway-linked
regeneration effort.
 Management Process
Local authorities are involve to forms the policies and strategies in order
to built a sustainable urban environment.
Mechanisms for preparing the appropriate development plans : refining
the legal aspects, stakeholders consultation and institutionalizing the
implementation authority.
legal perspective, the State intends to prepare development plans
through the Special Area Plan mechanism as stipulated in the Town
and Country Planning Act, 1976 (Act 172).
institutional perspective, experiences of Hong Kong and Singapore
indicate the necessity for establishing appropriate implementing
bodies to spearhead renewal projects.
Government and Local Authorities would work in partnership with
construction companies, private sector organizations and local
communities.
consultation with local communities about urban regeneration plans
has been recognized as being vital to the projects success.
 Urban Development Approach

possible approaches to neighborhood

regeneration can therefore be identified as:
(i) redevelopment, where in a neighborhood is
rebuilt a new
(ii) rehabilitation, where in the existing structures
are preserved and upgraded
(iii) and integration, a combination of the first
two approaches. Each approach can involve the
re-housing of the population on the original site or
its relocation to another part of the city.
 Conclusion

Urban regeneration implementations are more focused by the

local authorities that will be formulating in Structure Plan or
Local Plan.
By identifying the issues in urban ecology it will help to plan a
dynamic urban regeneration policies and strategies.
The process in development or regenerate urban area must
consider on the development concept which is consist
economic, social, environment and physical development.
The management should go under detail supervision by the
stakeholders towards achieving urban regeneration. Such as :
Authorities, professional, developer, interested organization
on heritage, environment & housing, financers and public.