Laboratory diagnosis of blood parasite

Nasriin hassan shaqale

Ayan mustafe ibrahim
Nimco Ibrahim arte

Hamda hariir hashi

Hamda aided hirsi
Najma hussein ismail
 DIAGNOSIS
DIRECT INDIRECT MOLECULAR
Urine IHAT
Stool LAT
Sputum IFAT PCR
Biopsy ELISA DNA probes
Blood CFT
Aspirates DEIDT
Direct examination ( microscopic)
The microscopic tests involve staining and direct
visualization of the parasite under the microscope.
For more than hundred years, the direct microscopic
visualization of the parasite on the thick or thin
blood smears has been the accepted method for the
diagnosis of parasites
 Blood examination

Blood film Buffy coat film

Thin film Thick film

 Blood film?
A blood film or peripheral blood smear is a thin layer
of blood smeared on a microscope slide and then
stained in such a way to allow the various blood cells
to be examined microscopically
 Aim of blood smear
It allows for examination of the physical characteristics of the
red cells, white cells and platelets under the microscope.

Blood films are usually examined to investigate hematological

problems (disorders of the blood) and, occasionally, It helps
detect parasites or abnormal cells in the blood.
There are two types of blood film

1. Thick film

2. Thin film

Three basic steps to make blood film

1. Preparation of blood smear

2. Fixation of blood smear
3. Staining of blood smear
 Thick film
A thick blood smear is a drop of blood on a glass slide. Thick blood smears
are most useful for detecting the presence of parasites, because they
examine a larger sample of blood. (Often there are few parasites in the
blood at the time the test is done.)

Circular motion

Air dry

Geimsa
 Advantages of thick film
Can exam greater volume of blood
More sensitive to detect parasite than thin film

Disadvantages of thick film

Cant compare sizes of infect and uninfected RBCs
Identification to species level is more difficult
 Thin film
A thin blood smear is a drop of blood that is spread across a
large area of the slide. Thin blood smears helps doctors
discover what species of malaria is causing the infection

spread

Air dry

methyl alcohol

Geimsa
 Advantages of thin film
RBC morphology easily seen
Size comparison of infected RBCs to uninfected RBCs easy
Much easier to identify to species level
Easier to calculate parasitemia

Disadvantages of thin film

Lower sensitivity than thick blood film
Lower parasitemia may be missed
 Another technique Buffy coat film

plasma

WBC (BC)
centrifuge Air dry Fix
N

30 min
RBC
spread

Citrated bld