Objectives

On completion of this period, you would be able to know

Definition of hydraulic turbine
Difference between turbine and pump
Working principle of hydraulic turbine
Layout of hydroelectric power plant
Classification of water turbines

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Sources of Generation of Electrical Energy (Power)

Thermal Energy
Nuclear Energy
Solar Energy
Wind Energy
Geo thermal Energy
Tidal Energy
Hydal Energy

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 Among above methods, Hydal Energy
and thermal Energy methods are the
main contributors of electrical power in
India

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Advantages of Hydro Electric Power

Water is available abundantly

Turbines can be operated easily
Running cost is low
Over all efficiency is high
Greater life period (Up to 50 years or more)
Environmental pollution is less

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Power Plant Owner Location CapacityMW
River(s) State
Koyna I-IV Maharashtra SEB Koyna Maharashtra 1,920

Sharavathi KPCL Sharavathi Karnataka 1,035

Beas;
Dehar BBMB Rajasthan 990
Satluj
Kalinadi Nagjhari KPCL Kalinadi Karnataka 840
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra
Nagarjuna Sagar Power Generation Krishna 810
Pradesh
Corp.
Idduki Kerala SEB Idduki Kerala 780
Srisailam Right
AP GENCO Krishna AP 770
bank
Bhakra Right bank BBMB Satluj Rajasthan 710

Kundah TN SEB Kundah TN 555

Srisalim Left bank AP GENCO Krishna AP 450

Mettur Tunnel TN SEB Cauvery TN 200

Upper Sileru AP GENCO M 405.46 Godavari AP 5240

Nagarjuna sagar dam.

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 Definition of Hydraulic Turbine

Turbine is the unit which converts

hydraulic energy into mechanical energy

It is the main part in power generation

Hydraulic energy Mechanical energy Electrical energy

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Fig. 2

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What is a layout ?

A systematic arrangement of different parts

or components

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 Layout of hydro electric power plant

Surge Tank Electric Power

Dam Generator House
Head Race
Penstock
Reservoir
Gate
Tail Race

Valve House
Turbine Draft Tube

Fig. 3
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Main parts in the hydro electric power plant

Head race
Dam
Penstock
Surge tank
Valve house
Power house
Turbine
Generator
Tail race
Draft tube

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 Head race : Head of water level in the dam

Dam : Storage of water for the power generation

Penstock : Conveys Water from the storage reservoir to turbine.

Surge tank : Supply pressure to turbine when ever water level

decreases in the penstock.

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 Valve house : Distribute water to turbine units

Power House : It houses turbine units coupled to electrical

generators

Tail race : Conveying water leaving the turbine to the

parent river.

Draft Tube : Water discharges out to the tail race from

the turbine.

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Working principle of turbine
Fluid does work on the turbine

High velocity jet strikes the curved vanes (or)

Blades (or) Buckets.
Velocity of jet changes both in magnitude
and direction. Due to this, blades experience
Centrifugal force.

The resultant of Centrifugal force and change

in velocity in the blades causes the wheel (or)
runner to rotate.

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Working principle of turbine.

Jet velocity,V m/sec.

Fig 4

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 Classification of turbines

I. According to the energy at inlet

Impulse turbine
Reaction turbine

II. According to the direction of flow of water

through the runner
Tangential flow
Radial flow
Axial flow
Mixed flow

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III. According to the head under which turbine runs

High head (300m and above)

Medium head (30m-300m)
Low head (15m-30m)

IV. According to the specific speed of turbine

Low Specific speed (<50)
Medium Specific speed between (50-250)
High Specific speed (>250)

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 Summary
In this class, we have studied
Sources of Generation of Power
Advantages of hydroelectric power generation

Principle of water turbine.

Layout of hydroelectric power plant

Classification of water turbines.

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 Quiz

1.Turbine converts
A) Hydraulic energy into Mechanical energy
B) Mechanical energy into Electrical energy
C) Hydraulic energy into Electrical energy
D) All of the above.

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2. Principle of water turbine is

A) Works on principle of Centrifugal force

B) Works on principle of centripetal force
C) Works on principle of centrifugal force and change
in velocity.
D) None

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3. Main part in hydroelectric power plant
A) Tail race
B) Draft tube
C) Penstock
D) Water turbine

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 Quiz
4. High head turbines are
A) 15-30m
B) 100 200 m
C) 30-150 m
D) 300-500m & above

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 Frequently Asked Questions

1. State the working principle of water Turbine?

2. How do you classify water Turbines?

3. Draw a layout of Hydro Electric Power Plant and name

the parts?

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