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CHAPTER 12
Nondestructive Examination
(NDE) Processes
COMIMSA Chapter 12
1. Introduction
The welding inspector can employ one or more of the following methods
1. Introduction
examination method:
2) Acceptance standards.
3) Economics
COMIMSA Chapter 12
2. Visual Examination
the early discovery of most defects that, if left undetected, would later be
welding.
COMIMSA Chapter 12
2. Visual Examination
applicable specification.
COMIMSA Chapter 12
Sensitivity
(+)
Visible Fluorescent
Dipping
Brushing
Flooding
Spraying
COMIMSA Chapter 12
Advantages
Inexpensive and quick
Process simple
Few false or nonrelevant indications on smooth surfaces
Limitations
Discontinuities must be clean and open to surface
Deleterious substances used in penetrants on welds and base
metals
Difficult to remove from discontinuities
Weld surface should be ground smooth before inspection
COMIMSA Chapter 12
Interpretations
Prods
Yokes
Coils
Dry Powder
Sensitivity
(+)
Visible Fluorescent
Advantages
Reveals discontinuities not open to the surface or filled with some
substance
Faster and more economical than PT
Require less cleaning prior to examination
COMIMSA Chapter 12
Limitations
deposited weld metal differ appreciably from those of the base metal.
The use of a variable light intensity viewer is helpful when viewing and
analyzing radiographs.
Advantages
RT can detect surface and subsurface discontinuities
Limitations
As the joint becomes more complex increase the cost and decrease
the amount of information.
Radiation Hazard
COMIMSA Chapter 12
Uses
Uses
COMIMSA Chapter 12
Uses
reference standard.
COMIMSA Chapter 12
Uses
In scanning welds, this is achieved by angle beams into the work, though
a Lucite wedge and into the work through water, oil, or similar coupling
material
Advantages
Limitations
Materials with large grain size tend to scatter and disperse the sound
beam.
fields.
Uses
ET is employed on magnetic or
nonmagnetic materials.
If a variation in flux is
associated with discontinuities
in the material, the
discontinuities are detected.
COMIMSA Chapter 12
Advantages
Advantages
Electrical conductivity
Magnetic permeability
Alloy content
Heat Treatment
Limitations
Open tanks are frequently tested by filling them with water that contains
fluorescein, which permits ready detection of any seepage under
ultraviolet illumination.
The leak test may use an organic halide gas on one side of the vessel
and a halide torch on the other. The torch flame changes color in the
presence of halogens.
9. Proof Test
Hydrostatic test
COMIMSA Chapter 12