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2013@Dr.Rashid A. Saeed 1
Agenda
Introduction
Antenna Look Angles
The Polar Mount Antenna
Limits of Visibility
Near Geostationary Orbits
Earth Eclipse of Satellite
Sun Transit Outage
Launching Orbits
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The Geostationary Orbit
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Communications authorities throughout the
world regard the geostationary orbit as a natural
resource, and its use is carefully regulated
through national and international agreements.
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Antenna Look Angles
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Keplers third law the semimajor axis is
equal to the radius of the orbit
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The three pieces of
information that are needed
to determine the look angles
for the geostationary orbit
are
The earth-station latitude
,
The earth-station longitude,
The longitude of the
subsatellite point,
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B is the Azimuth Angle
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Napiers Rule
Assignment
http://www.csgnetwork.com/geosatposcalc.html
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SBS: Satellite Business Systems
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Obviously, when the earth station is directly under the satellite, the
elevation is 90, and the azimuth is irrelevant.
When the subsatellite point is east of the equatorial earth station, the
azimuth is 90, and when west, the azimuth is 270.
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The Polar Mount Antenna
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angle of tilt ( ) in the Polar Mount Antenna
angle of tilt
16
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Limits of Visibility
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In practice, to avoid reception of excessive noise
from the earth, some finite minimum value of
elevation is used, which will be denoted here by
Elmin. A typical value is 5.
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95
20
Near Geostationary Orbits
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Other significant forces
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An exact geostationary orbit therefore is
not attainable in practice, and the orbital
parameters vary with time.
The term Geosynchronous satellite is used in
many cases instead of geostationary
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Two-line elements for some
geostationary satellites
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Subsatellite point
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Earth Eclipse ( )of
Satellite
Eclipses begin 23 days
before equinox and end 23
days after equinox
During an eclipse, the solar
cells do not function
and operating power must
be supplied from batteries
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the earth station enters eclipse
during night and early morning
(nonbusy) hours.
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Sun Transit Outage
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Space Transportation System
(STS),
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The Hohmann elliptical orbit
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launched by Telesat Canada for television in Canada
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Nilesat Technical specification
NileSat
http://www.geo-
orbit.org/westhemipgs/nilespec.html
ArabSat:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Satel
lite_Communications_Organization
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