VARIABEL PROSES

TKK 205

JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
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 PROCESS
A process is any operation or series Ketela
of operations by which a particular
objective is accomplished.
Kupas
Those operations cause a physical
or chemical change in a substance
or mixture of substances. Air Air
kotor Cuci bersih
The material that enters a process
T = 28 oC
is referred to as the input or feed,
and that leaves is the output or Kukus Panas
product.
T = 100 oC
It is common for processes to
consist of multiple steps, each of Peram / Ragi
which is carried out in a process Fermentasi
unit, and each process unit has
associated with it a set of input and
output process streams. Tape

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 THE ROLE OF A CHEMICAL ENGINEER
A Chemical Engineer might be called upon to
design or operate a process.

Design includes formulation of a process flowsheet

(PFD) as well as specification of individual process
units (such as reactors, separation equipment, heat
exchangers), and associated operating variables.

Operation involve the day-to-day running of the

process.

The process and all the equipment must produce

product at a designated rate and with specified
characteristics.

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 THE ROLE OF A CHEMICAL ENGINEER
A Chemical Engineer may responsible for maintaining
the economic competitiveness of the process by
identifying cost-cutting measures that reduce the use
of raw materials and energy.
At time the process may function poorly and A
Chemical Engineer will start on a throubleshooting
exercise to find the problem.
Market conditions may dictate a production rate
greater than that which can be accommodated by the
existing equipment at the current operating
conditions and debottlenecking will be in order;
sometimes the reverse happens and the production
rate needs to be reduced and turndown becomes a
concerns.
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 The links among all of the activities and functions are
the process streams connecting process units and
forming the process flowsheet.

Performance of the functions requires knowledge of

the amounts, compositions, and conditions of the
process streams and materials within the process
units.

A Chemical Engineer must be able to measure or

calculate such information for existing units or specify
and calculate such information for units being designed

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 PROCESS VARIABLES

1. MASS &
VOLUME
2. FLOWRATE
3. CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION
4. PRESSURE
5. TEMPERATURE

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 MASS AND VOLUME

Density
Specific volume
Specific Gravity, SG
Degrees Baum (oB)
Degrees API (oAPI)
Degrees Twaddell
(oTw)

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 Volume

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 M a s s & Weight

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 Density

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 Devices for measuring liquid volume

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 Devices for measuring density

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 Pressure

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 Devices for measuring pressure

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 Temperature

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 Devices for measuring temperature

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