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Fixed-Income Securities:
Characteristics and
Valuation
Copyright 2003 South-Western /Thomson Learning
Introduction
Income bonds
Eurobonds
Issued outside of the issuers country
Denominated in the home currency
May have less regulatory interference
May have less disclosure requirements
Consensus
Judgment
The Value of a Bond is the Present
Value of its Cash Flows
n
I M
P0
t 1 (1 k d ) (1 kd )
t n
P0 I (PVIFA kd , n ) M (PVIFkd , n )
P0 I / 2(PVIFA kd / 2, 2 n ) M (PVIFkd / 2, 2 n )
The Value of a Bond is the Present
Value of its Cash Flows - Example
With semiannual interest and
compounding, the value for the AT&T
bond is calculated as follows:
P0 = $30(PVIFA0.04, 14) + $1,000(PVIF0.04, 14)
= $30(10.563) + $1,000(0.577)
= $893.89
The Value of a Bond is the Present
Value of its Cash Flows - Example
14 n
4.0 i%
30 PMT
1,000 FV
Compute
PV = -894.37
Bond Prices and Interest Rates
I
P0
kd
Perpetual Bond - Example
7n
-987.50 PV
60 PMT
1,000 FV
Compute
i% = 6.23%
Zero Coupon Bonds
8n
-600 PV
0 PMT
1,000 FV
Compute
i% = 6.59%
Yield to Maturity of a Perpetual
Bond
The rate of return, or yield to maturity, on
a perpetual bond can be found by
solving the perpetual bond valuation
equation presented earlier for kd:
I I
P0 kd
kd P0
Yield to Maturity of a Perpetual
Bond - Example
For example, recall the 4 percent
Canadian Pacific Limited Railroad
debentures described earlier. If the
current price of a bond is $640, what is
the yield on the bond?
Kd =$40/$640 = 0.0625 or 6.25%
Ethical Issue
Advantages Disadvantages
Flexible High after-tax
Can increase cost
financial Dividends are
leverage not tax
Corporate tax deductible
advantage:
See next slide.
Corporate tax advantage of PS