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A PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF
M.TECH- STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
PRESENTED BY
ABHISHEK HAZRA
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING DIVISION
DEPARTMENT OF STRUTURAL ENGINEERING
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
DISCISSION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
SHEAR WALL
Shear wall represent the most efficient structural element to take lateral
force acting on a multi-storey building and to transfer them to foundation.
Initially shear walls are used in reinforced concrete building to resist wind
force. Earlier ,tall building were made only for steel as bracings to take
lateral wind loads could be easily provide in steel construction. However
science resent observation have consistently shown the excellent
performance of building with shear wall even under seismic force, such
walls are now extensively used for all earthquake resistance design.
The most important property of shear walls for seismic design ,as
different from design for wind ,is that it should have good ductility under
reversible and repeated overloads. Besides they impart lateral stiffness to
the system and also carry the gravity load.
DISCUSSION
For building over 20 stories, shear walls may become imperative from
the point of view of economy and control of lateral deflection.
2. COUPLED WALLS
horizontal shear along its length, are subjected to bending and shear.
Barbell type of wall are formed when a wall is provide monolithically between two
column. The columns at the two ends are then called the boundary elements.
The barbell type walls are stronger and more ductile than the simple rectangular
type of uniform section. Also they never fail in shear but only by yielding of steel in
bending.
One of the disadvantage of this type of shear walls is that as these walls are rigid
during an earthquake they attract and dissipate a lot of energy by cracking, which is
difficult to repair.
2. COUPLED TYPE WALLS
If two structural walls are joined together by relatively short spandrel beams,
the stiffness of the resultant wall increases; in addition the structure can
dissipate most of the energy by yielding the coupling beams with no
structural damage to the main walls. It is easy repair these coupling beams
than walls. These walls should satisfy the following two requirements:
The system should develop hinges only in the coupling beam before
shear failure
2. SLENDER WALL
5. DUAL SYSTEMS
1.SQUAT STRUCTURAL WALLS
Squat structural walls with a ratio of height to length of less than 2 or 3
find wide application in seismic force resistance of low-rise building. In this
walls in which deflection and strength are controlled by shear.
2. SLENDER WALL
Slender wall usually have a height to length ratio is grater than 2. They
behaves like a vertical slender cantilever beam.
5.DUAL SYSTEMS
When lateral force resistance is provided by the combined contribution of frames
and structural walls, it is customary to refer to them as a dual system
Ductile frames, interacting with walls can provide a significant amount of energy
dissipation ,particularly in the upper stories of a building .on the other hand ,as a
result of the large stiffness of walls, good story drift control during an earthquake
BEHAVIOUR UNDER SEISMIC LOADING
Depending on the height to width ratio , a shear wall may be behave as a slender
small and can be neglected . Flexure strength usually governs the design of such
wall .They are usually subjected to low nominal shear stress. They develop a
predominantly horizontal crack pattern in the lower hinging region after a few cycle
of inelastic deformation
deformation. Shear strength usually governs the design of such walls. They are
usually subjected to high nominal shear stress. They develop inclined cracks in the
web that form a diagonal compression strut system for each direction of loading.
FIGURE- C
LOCATION OF SHEAR WALL IN A BUILDING
Shear walls are usually provided between column line, in stair wells, lift
wells and in shaft . When design for wind loading the location of the wall
with in the building plan does not play an important role. Incase of
seismic loading ,however ,wall location are a critical factor .Under wind
loading a fully elastic response is expected ,while during strong earthquake
significant in elastic deformation are anticipated .
A wall configuration which has very little eccentricity between the centre
of building mass and stiffness and results in a reasonably uniform
distribution of inelastic deformation under seismic loading
For the best torsional resistance ,as many of the walls as possible should be
located at the periphery of the building
SHEAR WALLS
DESIGN STEPS FOR SHEAR WALL
Step -1: Review of the layout of cantilever wall systems.
Step-2: Derivation of gravity loads and equivalent masses
Step- 3: Estimation of earthquake design force
Step-4: Analysis of the structural systems
Step- 5: Determination of design action
Step- 6: Design for flexural strength
Step: 7: Design for shear strength
Step:8: Detailing of reinforcement
DETAIL OF SHEAR WALL
CONCLUSION
Multi storied RCC building shear walls are now fast becoming as popular
as an alternate structural form for resisting the earthquake force.
REFERENCES
www.weikipedia.com
www.google.com