Chemical Reactions

Covered so far
Periodic table
Electrons, protons, neutrons
Chemical nomenclature
Chemical formulas

We know that atoms will gain or loose

electrons to become stable (like a noble
gas) yet how do they do that
Chemical Reactions
A) Definition:
A reaction that alters the nature and
characteristic properties of matter.
The atoms are rearranged.
New molecules are formed
Chemical Reactions
B) Observable characteristics:
A chemical reaction occurs when:
A gas is released
Heat is absorbed (endothermic) or
released (exothermic)
Light is emitted
The color changes
A precipitate forms
Your Turn

What demonstrations and labs have

we done so far?
Which are chemical reactions?
Why?
C) What does a chemical reaction
look like on paper?
C) What does a chemical reaction
look like on paper?

Matter is neither created nor destroyed.

In other words; The mass before and after
the reaction must remain the same (law of
conservation of matter)
D) Law of conservation of Mass
The mass before and after the
reaction must remain the same (law
of conservation of mass)

Easier to see in a closed system (nothing

is allow to leave or enter)
E) Types of chemical reactions
1. Synthesis (formation)
Two or more reactants combine into a
single product

2. Decomposition
A reactant breaks apart into two or more
products
E) Types of chemical reactions
3. Single Replacement
An element (or polyatomic ion) changes
places

4. Double Replacement
Two elements or (polyatomic ions)
change places
E) Types of chemical reactions
5. Oxidation
Occurs when one of the reactants is
oxygen

A) Cellular respiration (occurs inside of

you)
B) Corrosion (slow combustion of a metal)
C) Combustion (release heat exothermic)
 Combustion side note:
Types of combustion:
Slow (for example rusting)
You do not see a flame

Rapid (flame)
Requires outside energy input
gives off heat and light that is observable

Spontaneous
Reaches ignition temperature on its own
 Fire Triangle
E) Types of chemical reactions
6. Precipitation
Occurs when two liquids combine to form a
solid product

7. Acid-Base neutralization
Acid and a base mix together to produce water and a salt
F) Factors affecting the rate of a
chemical reaction

1. Presence of a catalyst
Catalysts are substance that help
speed up a reaction
In the human body these are called
enzymes
F) Factors affecting the rate of a
chemical reaction

2. Concentration of the reactants

The higher concentration of the
reactants the faster the reaction will
occur
F) Factors affecting the rate of a
chemical reaction

3. Temperature of the reactants

The higher the temperature of the
reactants the faster the reaction will
occur
F) Factors affecting the rate of a
chemical reaction

4. Surface area of the reactants

The larger the surface area of the
reactants the faster the reaction will
occur
Exit Questions
Why does chewing your food make it
easier to digest?

Why does keeping food in the fridge

make it last longer?