Module-2

Censorship and Privacy issues

 What Is Privacy?
Privacy
-- the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves or
information about themselves and thereby reveal themselves
selectively.

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 Online Privacy
The ability to control what information one reveals about
oneself over the Internet, and to control who can access that
information.

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 Privacy???????

According to the recent Norton Cybercrime

report, the total cost of cybercrime is now
estimated to be $110 billion world wide per
year
 How people are concerned?

Concerns in dispute

Internet Privacy Internet Security

Where ordinary users are most concerned

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 The way your privacy can be
compromised

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 Internet Service Providers (ISP) always know your IP address and the IP
address to which you are communicating.

Emails

May be inappropriately spread by the original receiver

May be intercepted
May be legally viewed or disclosed by services providers or authorities.

Most web browsers can save some forms of personal data, such as
browsing history, cookies, web form entries and password.

Cookies are used for authenticating, session tracking and maintaining

specific information about users, such as site preferences or the contents
of their electronic shopping carts.
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 Search engines have and use the ability to track each one of your
searches (e.g. ,IP address, search terms, time)

Web bugs: a graphic (in a Web site or a graphic-enabled email)

that can confirm when the message or Web page is viewed and
record the IP address of the viewer.

By Cybercrime

Spyware takes advantage of security holes by attacking the browser and forcing it
to be downloaded and installed and gather your information without your
knowledge.
Phishing occurs when criminal lure the victim into providing financial data.
Pharming occurs when criminals plant programs in the victims computer which
re-direct the victim from legitimate Web sites to scam look-alike sites.
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 Solutions to Protect Online
Privacy

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 Cookie Controls

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 Other Technical Resorts
Anti-virus software
Firewalls & Proxies
Encryption tools
Anonymizer

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Censorship
World Internet Censorship
Why do people want to Censor the Internet?
Internet Piracy
Free distribution(Mp3, DivX, Games) Company profit loss.
Identity theft.
Hacking into secret Information.
Duplication of information / Plagiarizing .
Viruses.
According to State of the Net consumer report published in September 2006,
damages from viruses totaled $5.2 billion.
Spyware caused nearly a million people to replace their PCs.

Religious / Political Issues (China, Germany).

Child Pornography.

Too much freedom.

Description
Each Nation sets their own laws on censorship of the internet. Some
Nations are more strict than others.

For example, The People's Republic of China is in ONI's pervasive

category and is on RSF's internet enemy list. China blocks or filters
Internet content relating to Tibetan independence, Taiwan independence,
police brutality, the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, freedom of
speech, pornography, certain religious movements, and many blogging
websites.

However, a nation like Mexico does not have any internet censorship
laws or filters.
Why is Internet Censorship Hard?
Government would have to monitor:
E-mail
News
Forum/website
IRC (Internet Relay Chat) channels
Database linked to a server
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) sites

Costly and time consuming.

Tracking every move of every individual in this world is almost impossible.