LECTURE 2

Kekuatan Lensa

3
 Published in Australia by
The International Centre for Eyecare Education

First Edition 2000

The International Centre for Eyecare Education
Presbyopia Education Program 2000

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing
of:

The International Centre for Eyecare Education

ICEE Secretariat
PO Box 328
Randwick, Sydney
NSW 2031 Australia
Tel: (612) 9385 - 7435
Fax: (612) 9385 - 7436
Email: icee@cclru.unsw.edu.au
1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The International Centre for Eyecare Education (ICEE) was established to develop the global resources needed to provide
people everywhere with good vision and effective eyecare. Our role is to develop educational programs where they do not exist,
to provide resources where needed to help teachers teach, and to help people in need.

In the Presbyopia Education Program (PEP), we deal with a condition that affects 22% of the worlds population. Presbyopia
eventually affects everyone, yet the public understands little about it and is often resentful of this sign of middle age. Many
advances have been made in optical design of spectacles for presbyopia and it is important that eyecare practitioners have the
best correction options available. In many parts of the world the educational programs and product availability are very rapidly
advancing and ICEE, in this Essilor sponsored program, will bring information and materials to help keep educators and
practitioners up to date.

The goals of PEP are to help advance the refraction, dispensing, prescribing and patient management skills of practitioners,
particularly in the prescribing of progressive addition spectacles. The PEP for Educators will supply infrastructure and materials
for the teaching of refraction, dispensing and prescribing in relevant ophthalmic schools, polytechnical colleges and other
training institutions.

ICEE could not be successful in this endeavor without the assistance and generosity of a large number of talented and
dedicated people. To all those contributors of lectures, computer programs, videos and slides, we say thank you. Your
generosity of spirit will benefit many educators and students, and millions of patients throughout the world.

The Program was also very fortunate to obtain the services of many committed people in writing, designing, editing, producing
and distributing the modules. In particular, the staffs of the Cooperative Research Centre for Eye Research and Technology; the
University of Waterloo, Canada; the Cornea and Contact Lens Research Unit at the University of New South Wales; and the
International Association of Contact Lens Educators, have contributed substantially to this project through the donation of time,
resources and editorial support. The individuals involved are acknowledged in each module.

Essilor, one of the worlds leading ophthalmic companies, has generously funded this project. Their vision and commitment to
education and the community will help advance eyecare throughout the world. Their technical and professional services staff
have been extremely helpful.

All the contributors deserve recognition for their willingness to donate their knowledge, talent and time to the advancement of
international eyecare through this Program.

Brien A Holden
On behalf of the Management Committee of ICEE 4
 CONTRIBUTORS

EDITORIAL CONTRIBUTORS PRODUCTION

N Editor N Major Contributor N Coordinator

Lewis Williams, AQIT(Optom), David Wilson BEc, BA (Hons)
MOptom, PhD (2) Dip Ed, FNAO

N Coordinating Editor N Contributors N Graphics

Barry Brown (2)
Shane Parker(2)

N Assistant Editors

N Proof Readers

1 Cooperative Research Centre for Eye Research and Technology (CRCERT) Sydney,

Australia

2 International Association of Contact Lens Educators (IACLE ) Sydney, Australia

3 International Centre for Eyecare Education (ICEE) Sydney, Australia

4 School of Optometry University of Waterloo Waterloo, Canada

5 Documentation Consultant Sydney, Australia

5
 Lensa Ophthalmik

Fungsi dan Efek

Koreksi atau pembaikan kelainan refraksi
& anomali penglihatan binokuler
Peningkatan visus yang sub-normal atau
memberikan magnifikasi bila perlu
Melindungi mata dari radiasi berbahaya
atau luka karena bahan2 seperti angin,
debu, partikel terbang / kacamata
pelindung.
 Konvensi Tanda
Arah perjalanan cahaya

-ve

+ve
+ve
Sumbu Optik

-ve
-ve

+ve
 Notasi
Radius kurva
Indeks bias
permukaan 1, r1
=n
Radius kurva
permukaan 2, r2

Tinggi
h
Objek

F F

Tinggi
bayanga
n
h

Panjang fokus Panjang fokus

x pertama, f kedua , f x

l l
Power
F1, F2: Power bias permukaan depan & belakang
Fv, Fv: Power verteks depan dan belakang
 Simbol

n, indeks bias
r, c radius kurva dari permukaan
Fn, fn power ekuivalen (panjang fokus) dari permukaan n
F, f power ekuivalen (panjang fokus) dari sebuah sistem
Fv, fv front vertex power (panjang fokus)
Fv,fv back vertex power (panjang fokus)
L, l vergensi optik (jauh) dari bidang utama
L, l vergensi bayangan (jauh) dari bidang utama
 Lensa Spheris

(Secara teori) memproduksi bayangan

titik dari sumber titik objek
Permukaan spheris mengubah vergensi
dari cahaya datang pada setiap kurva
permukaan
Lensa spheris mempunyai satu power
untuk seluruh lensa
 Lensa Spheris

Jari-jari kurva sama untuk semua

meridian
Power sama untuk semua meridian
Membentuk suatu fokus titik untuk semua
cahaya datang
 Lensa Spheris

Formasi Bayangan

Permukaan spheris, Radiu/jari2 rs

Axis Utama
 Power Lensa

Power lensa ophthalmik didapat dari :

Nominal power, FA

Back Vertex Power, Fv

Front Vertex Power, Fv

Equivalent Power, Fe
Back Vertex Power

n n

A1 A2 O F

t l
o fv
Back Vertex Power

Back Vertex Power, Fv

Fv = F2 + F1 .
1 - (t/n)F1
 Front Vertex Power

n n

F O A2 A1

l t
fv o
Front Vertex Power

Front Vertex Power, Fv

Fv = F1 + F2 .
1 - (t/n)F2
 Power Ekuivalen
P P

n n

F F1 F2 F

fe
fe
Power Ekuivalen

Power Ekuivalen, Fe

Fe = F1+F2 -(t/n) F1 F2

e' = f 'v - f
e = fv - f
Dimana:
e' = jarak dari F2 ke P '
e = jarak dari F1 ke P
f = panjang fokus ekuivalen
 Lensa Silindris

Radius / jari-jari kurva TIDAK sama

untuk semua meridian
Power TIDAK sama untuk semua

meridian
Power-silindris pada satu meridian

adalah plano
TIDAK membentuk fokus titik untuk

semua cahaya datang

Lensa Silindris

Pembentukan Bayangan

Axis Optik
Principal
Meridia
 Lensa Sphero-Silindris

Formasi Bayangan
Lensa sphero-silindris memproduksi dua

garis fokus
Garis fokus terbentuk karena power di

meridian utama
Pembentukan sinar disebut astigmatic

pencil
Pemisahan garis fokus disebut Interval of

Sturm
Lensa Sphero-Silindris

Pembentukan bayangan

Lensa 1st Power Utama

Interval of Sturm
(Astigmatisme axial)

Lens 2nd - Principal Power

 Lensa Sphero-silindris
Formasi Bayangan

Circle of least confusion

B
A
Principal
S
axis

Interval Fokus garis

of Sturm
 Formasi Bayangan

power meridian min @ 090

power meridian max @ 180

Lensa
 Circle of Least Confusion

Terletak dimana astigmatic pencil dalam

keadaan lingkaran
Memberikan penglihatan kompromi
dalam kombinasi sph-cyl
CLC terletak, secara dioptri, ditengah
antara dua garis fokus
 Lensa Sphero-silindris

Contoh

Sebuah lensa sphero-silindris mempunyai power +8D / -2.50D x 180.

Dimana letak garis fokus & circle of least confusion pada sebuah objek yg
berada didepan lensa sejauh 0.5m ?

Power di meridia utama +5.50D @ 090 +8.00D @ 180

Untuk objek sejauh 0.5m
l = -0.5 L = 1/ (-0.5) = -2.00D
Fokus utk garis vertikal FH = +8.00D

Dari L = L + F LH = (-2) + (+8) = +6.00D

lH = 1/6 = 16.7cm

Fokus utk garis horisontal FV = +5.50D

LV = +3.5 lV = 1/3.5 = 28.6cm

Untuk circle of least confusion Lclc = ( LH + LV) /2 = 9.5/2 = 4.75

lclc = 1/(4.75) = 21.1cm
 Power Lensa

Kesimpulan
Lensa spheris dan titik fokus

Lensa astigmat dan conoid

Sturm