DEFINITION & DERIVATIVES

OF HORMON
Astri Yohana P.
Lalla Muthoharoh
Jihan Nuraini
Juliana Mulia Sari
Hasna Rashifa
Ida Lestari
Widyati
Sonia Ervina
Pendidikan Biologi A 2015
 Definition of Hormone
The word hormone is derived from a Greek word
Hormacin which means to Excite. Hormones are
strictly speaking stimulating substances and act as body
catalysts. The hormones catalyse and control diverse
metabolic processes, despite their varying actions and
different specifities depending on the target organ.

A specific chemical substance formed in one organ

(endocrine gland) and transported in the bloodstream to
another organ (Target Organ)where it affects the
metabolism of that organ.
Funaction of Hormon

Regulation:
Water balance and body fluid
chemistry
Metabolic rate and energy balance
Cardiac and smooth muscle activity
Immune system activity
Control growth and development
Reproductive organ function and
cycles
 Derivat Hormones
Can be divided into 3 groups:
Amino acid derivatives
Peptide hormones
Lipid derivatives
 Amino Acid Derivatives
Small molecules structurally related to amino
acids
Synthesized from the amino acids tyrosine and
tryptophan
 Tyrosine Derivatives
Thyroid hormones
Compounds:
epinephrine (E)
norepinephrine (NE)
dopamine, also called catecholamines
 Tryptophan Derivative
Melatonin:
produced by pineal gland
 Peptide Hormones
Chains of amino acids
Synthesized as prohormones:
inactive molecules converted to active
hormones before or after secretion
 2 Groups of Peptide Hormones
Group 1:
glycoproteins:
more than 200 amino acids long, with
carbohydrate side chains:
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
 2 Groups of Peptide Hormones
Group 2:
all hormones secreted by:
hypothalamus
heart
thymus
digestive tract
pancreas
posterior lobe of pituitary gland
anterior lobe of pituitary gland
 Lipid Derivatives
2 Classes of Lipid Derivates:

Eicosanoids:
derived from arachidonic acid
Steroid hormones:
derived from cholesterol
 Eicosanoids
Are small molecules with five-carbon ring at
one end
Are important paracrine factors
Coordinate cellular activities
Affect enzymatic processes in extracellular
fluids
 Steroid Hormones
Are lipids structurally similar to cholesterol
Released by:
reproductive organs (androgens by testes,
estrogens, and progestins by ovaries)
adrenal glands (corticosteroids)
kidneys (calcitriol)
 Steroid Hormones
Remain in circulation longer than peptide
hormones
Are absorbed gradually by liver
Are converted to soluble form
Are excreted in bile or urine
 Chemical Classifications of
Hormones: Lipid & Water soluble
Two general classes of hormones based on their
solubility: Water soluble Hormone and Lipid
soluble hormone.
A. Lipid soluble
This characteristic allows hormones to pass directly
through the plasma membrane of the target cell
Lipid soluble hormones include:
Steroid hormones: : estrogen, progesteron, testosteron,
glukokortikoid, mineralokortikoids
Thyroid hormones
Nitric oxide (a gas)
Require a carrier protein to travel in the plasma
 Water soluble Hormones
These are insoluble in lipid but travel freely in
the blood but cannot enter the cell
Exp:
Protein: growth hormone, prolactin, insulin
Glikoprotein: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),
luteinizing hormone (LH) , thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH)
Polipeptida: arginine vasopressin, oxytocin,
somatostatin
Derivat asam amino :epinephrine, melatonin
 More water soluble hormones
Peptides & Proteins
Hypothalamic hormones - hypothalamus
ADH & oxytocin posterior pituitary
hGH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL, MSH anterior
pituitary
Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic
polypeptide pancreas
PTH parathyroid
Calcitonin thyroid
Gastrin, secretin, CCK, GIP GI tract
EPO Kidneys
Leptin adipose tissue