Research Methodology Module (KEE10043)

Introduction to Research

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 SCOPE OF PRESENTATION

WHAT

WHO RESEARCH WHY

HOW
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 A process through which new
knowledge is discovered.

- Salkind, Neil J. (2000)

What is
research?
A systematic and organized
effort to investigate a specific
problem.
Sekaran, Uma (1992)

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 WHY RESEARCH?

To find solution
To gain knowledge to a particular
problem
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To understand To explain what is
why something is likely to happen
happening next.
Siti Uzairah, (2016)

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 HOW?

Keep your plan

realistic
(S.M.A.R.T.)
Formulate
Select the
Research Specific
right topic
Questions Measurable
(RQ) derived Achievable
from the Relevant
development Time Bound
of Research
Objective (RO)

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 WHO?

Researcher

NGO Individual

Student

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 CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCHES

Qualitative Research
Quantitative Research
Subjective
Objective
Flexible
Survey
Holistic Approach
Hypothesis testing
Opinion, feelings &
Fixed
experiences

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 Types of
Research

Basic/Pure/
Fundamental Applied Research
Research

To improve To solve an
understanding existing problem
To generate
knowledge
To build theories

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 Scientific Research
(Sekaran)

.focused on the goal of problem solving and

pursues a step-by-step logical, organized,
and rigorous method to identify problems,
gather data, analyze, and draw valid
conclusions

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 High Quality Researches
(Salkind)

Based on the works of others.

Can be replicated.
Generalizable to other settings.
Based on some logical rationale and tied to
theory.
Doable.
Generates new questions and cyclical in nature.
Incremental.
Apolitical taken for the betterment of society.
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 Research Model Salkind, Neil J. (2000)
Asking the
Asking new Identifying
question
questions important
factors

Reconsidering Formulating
the theory a hypothesis

Working Collecting
with the relevant
hypothesis Testing the information
hypothesis
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 Asking the Question
(Identifying a Need)
1st and most important step

broad
Imagination
& Questions
experience
specific

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 Identifying Important Factors
Select factors that:
Have not been investigated before.
Contribute to the understanding of the
question.
Available to investigate.
Hold some interest, personally or
professionally.
Lead to another question.

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 Formulating a Hypothesis
A hypothesis is:
Objective extension of the original question.
Statement that expresses relationships
between variables as an Ifthen
statements.
Poses a question in a testable form.
Posits clear relationship between factors.
Test Hypotheses, not to Prove them.

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 Working With the Hypothesis
Factors considered were
confirm important and related.

Results Valuable information

Refute/ Learn something not

reject known previously.
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 Asking New Questions

Could be a variation of the original

question, or
A refinement of the original question
(more depth).

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THANK YOU

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 End of
Introduction to
Research

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