Basic Electronics Review

B. Furman
25AUG2015
Lecture Flow Today
Items to focus on this week
Lab 1
PortMaster build
HW 1 and Questionnaire due Thursday
Term Project overview + video of past projects
Basic electronics review:
Voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, inductance
Equivalent resistance
Voltage divider
Impedance of a capacitor
Learning Objectives
Get prepared for Lab 1 and started on PortMaster build
Get started on the term project
Explain in simple terms what is meant by:
Voltage
Current
Ground
Resistor, Capacitor, Inductor
Impedance
Power
Determine equivalent series and parallel impedances
Explain the significance of a voltage divider
Derive an expression for the impedance of a capacitor
Mechatronics Concept Map
ME 106
User ME 120

Interface
Power
Source

Controller ME 106
ME 190
(Hardware & Software) ME 187

ME 106
Power
Interface

INTEGRATION Signal ME 106

Conditioning ME 120

ME 106
ME 154
Actuator
ME 157
ME 195

Sensor
ME 120
ME 297A
System to
Control ME 110 ME 182
ME 136 ME 189
ME 154 ME 195 BJ Furman 22JAN11
ME 157
Lab 1 Intro to the Mechatronics Lab

Read and
prepare
Take the pre-lab
quiz before you
start your lab
session
PortMaster
Solder practice
Bit manipulation
and port IO
learning
HW 1 and Questionnaire
When are they due?
Hard and softcopy for Questionnaire
Soft copy only for HW questions
Term Project Overview
See the guideline:
http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/bjfurman/courses/ME1
06/ME106pdf/ME106termproject.doc
Video sample of previous projects
Key Concepts
Voltage Take out a sheet of paper
Ground Explain the concepts in
Current terms that a 6th grader
Resistor could understand
Capacitor First, work on your own,
then, introduce yourself to
Inductor
someone you have NOT
Impedance met yet, and share your
Power answers.
Basic Electronics Review - 1
Voltage put it in terms that a 6th grader could understand
Pressure
Pressure on electric charge (e-). Units are in Volts
Urges charge to flow
Measured relative to a reference pressure level
An across quantity we measure it across two points (Dont say the
voltage through)

A B Voltage source acts like a

R1 pump
High pressure
+
Vi
R2 Ground is often taken as the
low pressure point, but any
C point could be taken as
Low pressure
ground
R3
ex. VAD = Vi = -VDA
D
Basic Electronics Review - 2
Current put it in terms that a 6th grader could understand
Flow
Flow of electric charge (e-). Units are in Amps
The response of charge to applied voltage
Need a complete circuit for current to flow
A through quantity we measure it through an element

A B
R1
High pressure We will assume
+ conventional current flow
R2
Vi positive charges flow out of
I C
the + terminal and return to
Low pressure the - terminal
R3
D
Basic Electronics Review - 3
Resistor put it in terms that a 6th grader could
understand
Flow restriction (causes a pressure (voltage) drop across it), an
impedance
Drinking a milkshake through a straw
Small diameter straw high resistance
Causes large pressure drop
Large diameter straw low resistance
Causes small pressure drop A B
R1
Units are in Ohms High pressure
+
Dissipates power in heat! R2
Vi

C
Low pressure
R3
D
Basic Electronics Review - 4
Ohms Law (know it cold!)
V=I*R
A relationship between current and voltage for a resistor
The slope of the V-I line
The voltage drop across a resistor is proportional to the current
through it

V V,volts

I R
R R increasing

I, Amps
Basic Electronics Review - 5
Original Circuit Equivalent Circuit
A
R1
A

+ +
Vi R2
Vi
Req

R3
D D
Basic Electronics Review - 6
Power (units are in Watts)
P = I2R = (V/R)2R = V2/R
P = I2R = I2(V/I) = IV Any circuit
Note: can calculate the I
A B
power required for any R1
circuit by measuring I and +
R2
V and taking their product Vi

R3
D
 Capacitor
Capacitor put it in terms that a 6th grader could
understand
Accumulator, water tank
Pressure storage. Stores energy in an electric field
Voltage across the leads takes time to build up. Units of
capacitance are Farads
Q CV
V
dQ dV
+ - iC
dt dt
1
V A sin( t ) A sin( 2ft ) V idt
C
dV d ( A sin( 2ft ) 1
iC C 2fCA cos( 2ft ) E CV 2
dt dt 2
 Inductor
Inductor put it in terms that a 6th grader could
understand
Flywheel, merry-go-round
An inertia. Stores energy in a magnetic field
Tries to oppose changes in current flow. Units of inductance are
Henrys
V di
V L
+ - dt
1
i Vdt
i L
i A sin( t ) A sin( 2ft ) 1 2
E Li
di d ( A sin( 2ft ) 2
V L L 2fLA cos( 2ft )
dt dt
The Voltage Divider
Consider two resistances in series
What is VA in terms of
Vi, R1 and R2
+ R1
Vi
A VA

R2

D
So what? Why is this important?
Voltage divider effect occurs whenever one circuit is
connected to another

Voltage dividers can be used to set a voltage level

somewhere between a given supply voltage and ground
If significant current is desired, it is better to use a power supply
or voltage regulator