Chapter 9

Using Past History Explicitly as

Knowledge: Case-based Reasoning
Systems

Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge

Management 1/e -- 2004 Prentice Hall
 Chapter Objectives

Introduce the student to the concept of using

explicit historical occurrences to solve current
problems.
Explained in the context of rule-based systems that
also use past experience to solve current problems
Introduce case-based reasoning.
Introduce how case-based systems can learn
from their own experience

Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge Management 1/e -- 2004 Prentice Hall

 Section 9.1 - Objectives

Introduction of chapter contents

Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge Management 1/e -- 2004 Prentice Hall

 Section 9.2 - Objectives

Introduce the weaknesses of rule-based

systems that inspired the rise of case-based
reasoning.

Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge Management 1/e -- 2004 Prentice Hall

 Section 9.3 - Objectives

Introduce the basic concepts in case-based

reasoning:
Search the case library
Retrieve the most similar case(s)
Adapt the most similar case(s) if not suitably similar
Apply the solution to the current problem
Add the last case to the case library

Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge Management 1/e -- 2004 Prentice Hall

 Section 9.4 - Objectives

Introduce the concept of indexing the case

library
Describes the main means of increasing search
efficiency through indexing
Flat library
Shared feature networks
Redundant shared feature networks

Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge Management 1/e -- 2004 Prentice Hall

 Section 9.5 - Objectives

Introduces the concepts of matching and

retrieval of cases from the case library
Introduce the concept of distance metric to
compute the distance between historical cases
and current problem

Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge Management 1/e -- 2004 Prentice Hall

 Section 9.6 - Objectives

Introduce the concepts of evaluation and

adaptation
How to determine whether the most similar case is
similar enough
How to modify the most similar case when it is not
sufficiently similar to the current problem

Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge Management 1/e -- 2004 Prentice Hall

 Section 9.7 - Objectives

Introduce the concept of learning in the context

of case-based reasoning
Introduce the concept of when new cases are
consistent with the rest of the case library and
when they are not
This is important when deciding whether to add new
cases or not

Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge Management 1/e -- 2004 Prentice Hall

 Section 9.8 - Objectives

Presents a detailed example of a case-based

application to property appraisal.

Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge Management 1/e -- 2004 Prentice Hall

 Section 9.9 - Objectives

Discuss some issues pertinent to case-based

systems when applied to different problems
Discuss the advantages of case-based systems
Discuss the disadvantages of case-based
systems

Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge Management 1/e -- 2004 Prentice Hall

 Section 9.10 - Objectives

Briefly introduces some variations of case-based

reasoning:
Exemplar-based reasoning
Instance-based reasoning
Memory-based Reasoning
Analogy-based reasoning

Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge Management 1/e -- 2004 Prentice Hall

 Section 9.11 - Objectives

Summarize the chapter

Provide Key terms
Provide Review Questions
Provide Review Exercises

Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge Management 1/e -- 2004 Prentice Hall

 Figure 9.1

Type of organization

Business Individual

Type of Business Employment status

Corporation Ltd Partnership Employed Self-employed

Size of Size of Size of Size of

Loan Loan Loan Loan

>= $1M < $1M >= $1M < $1M >= $100K < $100K >= $100K < 100K

Case 1 Case 80 Case 110 Case 160 Case 170 Case 210 Case 250 Case 290
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
Case 77 Case 106 Case 158 Case 169 Case 206 Case 246 Case 287 Case 326

Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge Management 1/e -- 2004 Prentice Hall

 Figure 9.2

Region A

Region B

Region C

Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge Management 1/e -- 2004 Prentice Hall

 Figure 9.3

Consistent

Consistent

Inconsistent

Problem Space Solution Space

Problem Space

Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge Management 1/e -- 2004 Prentice Hall

 Conclusions

The student should be familiar with:

The difference between how rule-based systems and
case-based systems use historical knowledge.
The main processes of case-based reasoning:
Search
Select
Adapt
Apply
Learn
The advantages and disadvantages of case-based
systems

Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge Management 1/e -- 2004 Prentice Hall

 Chapter 9

Using Past History Explicitly as

Knowledge: Case-based Reasoning
Systems

Becerra-Fernandez, et al. -- Knowledge

Management 1/e -- 2004 Prentice Hall