Phylum Annelida

Phylum Annelida

Terrestrial, marine,
freshwater.
Repeating segments.
Triploblastic.
True coelomates complete
gut.
Closed circulatory system.
Well developed nervous
system.
Respiratory organs.
Protostome development.
Metamerism (unspecialized)
segmentation.
One or more pairs of setae.
Phylum Annelida
Ancestral Traits
Spirobranchus giganteus
Coelomate
Christmas tree worm
Lophotrochozoan- non-molting
protostomes
Protostome
Closed circulatory system
Cephalization
Derived Traits
Segmentation
Metamerism
Septa
Setae
Bristles
Myelinated neurons
~ 40K species of annelids
Systems
Integument- epidermis is one cell layer with mucous gland
that secrete a moist cuticle.
Skeletal -hydrostatic (using coelom)
Muscle- longitudinal and circular muscles Each segments
muscles are independent of the other segments.
Digestive- complete, complex, with absorption and
digestive glands and excretory cells.
Systems (continue)
Excretory- a pair of nephridia per segment.
Respiratory -through skin, some through parapodia; tubeworms
have gills.
Circulatory- closed system, use hemoglobin as oxygen carrier.
Nervous- dorsal brain; ventral, double, solid nerve cord, with
ganglia in each segment.
Endocrine- hormones secreted by nervous system.
Reproductive-
Dioecious in Polychaeta; no special organs, posterior end becomes gonads.
Monoecious in Oligochaeta and Hirudinea; Clitellium.
Annelid Taxonomy
Phylum Annelida (an-nel-i-da)
Class Polychaeta (poly-key-ta)
Nereis, Aphrodita, Chaetopterus, Arenicola, Amphitrite
Class Clitellata
Subclass Oligochaeta (ol-e-go-key-ta)
Lumbricus, Tubifex
Subclass Hirudinea (hi-ru-din-e-a)
Hirudo, leech

Earthworm dissection
Annelid Taxomony
Class Polychaeta (many bristles) Hermodice
most numerous # species crunculata
marine
Annelid Taxomony
Class Polychaeta
Class Clitellata
Subclass Oligochaeta (few bristles)
Freshwater, marine & terrestrial

Lumbricus terrestris
Annelid Taxomony
Class Polychaeta
Class Clitellata
Subclass Oligochaeta
Subclass Hirudinea
Fixed # segments (34)
Setae absent
Hirudo
medicinalis
Annelid Phylogeny
Annelid Body Plan

Setae
Class Polychaeta
Highly specialized head
regions
Antennae
Sensory palps
Feeding appendages
Paired extensions of body
(parapodia) Bispira bunnea
sabellid worm
Often tube-dwelling
Burrow into substrate and secrete mucus/
CO3 materials

Spirobrancheus giganteus
 Polychaete Anatomy

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/picturesoftheday/9093
134/Pictures-of-the-day-20-February-2012.html
Parapodia with setae
Polychaete Anatomy (cross section)
Polychaeta
Amphitrite
Polychaeta

Lugworm (Arenicola sp)

Polychaeta
Polychaeta

Parchement worm
Clade-Siboglinidae

Riftia pachyptila
Ridgea sp
Giant tube worms (Vestimentifera)

trophosome

Riftia pachyptila

http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Polychaete/by/rank/all
Polychaete Reproduction
Most are dioecious-few monoecious
Some asexually but sexually more common
Trochophore larvae

Some species develop specialized

segments containing gametes
Epitokes
Segments are released and
gametes burst out
Polychaete Asexual Reproduction
Epitokes are essentially
buds
Clues to ancestral origin of
segmentation
Segmentation may have
been derived from
incomplete budding
processes
 Typosyllis nipponica

Samoan palolo worm

Palola viridis
Class Oligochaeta
 Class Oligochaeta

Defining characteristics
Pronounced cylindrical
glandular region of the body
= clitellum
Second largest class in the
phylum Annelida
Most spp. are earthworms,
very few are marine

27 Phylum Annelida
 Polychaetes and Oligochaetes

Oligochaetes differ from

polychaetes in several
ways:
No parapods, fewer setae (if
at all)
Hermaphroditic with sex
cells produced in a separate
section
No larval stages
Giant Gippsland earthworm

28 Phylum Annelida
Oligochaete Anatomy
Oligochaete Anatomy
Setae: a.k.a. Bristles
Oligochaete Reproduction
Oligochaete Development
For terrestrial oligochaetes, development is direct without any
larval forms
Some aquatic oligochaetes retain a trochophore-like larval stage

Site for earthworm anatomy:

http://www.naturewatch.ca/english/wormwatch/resources/anatomy.html
Quick and Easy Earthworm Morphology Guide

-Earthworms can be classified by size,

burrowing habits, and color
-Number, location and pattern of
genital tumescences (GT) and
tubercular pubertatis (TP)
-Location & shape of clitellum
Aporrectodea turgida
Lumbricus rubellus
Common Terrestrial Oligochaetes: Earthworms

Octagonal Tail Worm

Dendrobaena octaedra

Eisenia foetida
Redworm

http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/oligochaeta.html
This link shows diversity of Oligochaetes!
Earthworm Return to taxonomy

Dissection

Cross section
Aquatic Oligocheates
 Subclass Hirudinea
Defining characteristics
Posterior sucker
Predominately freshwater,
but do occur in all seas and
moist soil
Leeches do not burrow,
lack parapods and setae
Clitellum only visible
during breeding

38 Phylum Annelida
Horse leech-actually feeds
on small worms
Haemopis sanguisuga

Great Amazon Leech

Haementaria ghiliani
Subclass Hirudinea
 Leech Anatomy
Anterior sucker is small
and contains the mouth
Anterior sucker
creates a wound with
saw like jaws
Leeches drink other
animals blood, usually
vertebrates
Can be carnivores,
or scavengers;
leeches are not set in
their feeding habits
41 Phylum Annelida
Hirudo medicinalis

More leech info:

http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/hirundinae.html
 Leech Reproduction
Leeches are
simultaneous
hermaphrodites that lack
a free-living larvae stage
Fertilization is internal
through copulation
Development occurs in a
cocoon similar to the
Oligochaetes

44 Phylum Annelida