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Strictness/imposition
Control, Demandingness, Strict , Domination, Hostility , Inflexibility ,
The dimensions have several levels since low to high. If we cross
the axes we obtain
4 styles of parental socialization (parenting styles)
The family is the embryo of the socialization, the original point where purchases and
internalises the total system of values of the society in which you lives . (Torregrosa And
Fernndez, 1994)
ADOLESCENCE: Stage
of the human development characterised by deep biolgica changes, psychogial and socials
changes (Coleman, 2003).
THE PARENTAL SOCIALIzATION
In the adolescence, in spite of going in at stake new contexts of socialisation, the family keeps on
being the best context for the education of the children by biological reasons, of time and of
opportunities to control and understand the behaviour of the children (Collins et al., 1997; Lilac et al.,
2006)
TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF PARENTAL SOCIALIZACIN:
RESPONSIVENESS vs DEMANDINGNESS
Parenting styles have traditionally been studied following the classical
two-dimensional orthogonal (independent) model of parental socialization
These two axes have been designated of different forms by the authors:
Acceptance, Involvement, Love, Affection versus Control, Hostility, Rigour,
Severity, Imposition, estrictness.
MODELS OF FAMILIAR SOCIALISATION
SCHAEFER (1959) Identifies the factor control and relates it with the practices like the physical punishment, the
sanctions if behavior is contrary to family norms.
BAUMRIND (1967 et seq.) Identifies three parenting styles : authoritarian, permisive and authoritative (or
democratic) being this last the one who present more psycological adjustment.
MACCOBY And MARTIN (1983) Show two main appearances in the process of parental socialization
(control vs. affection) and obtain 4 parental styles.
MUSITU And GARCIA (2001) Create the questionnaire Styles of Parental Socialisation (ESPA29)
proposing two-dimensional model with 4 typologies of parental socialization.
HOW TO USE THE QUESTIONAIRE
. joangp@uv.es
29 SITUATIONS
HE/SHE SHOWS AFFECTION: This means that your parent congratulates you, tells you that you did
well, that he/she is very proud of you, he/she gives you a kiss, a hug, or any other sign of affection.
HE/SHE SEEMS INDIFFERENT: This means that even though you do things well, he/she does not
care much about you or about the things you do.
HE/SHE TALKS TO ME: This means that when you do something that is not right, he/she makes you
think about your behavior and the reasons why you should not do it again.
ITS THE SAME TO HIM/HER: This means that he/she knows what you have done, and that even if
he/she thinks it is not right, he/she does not tell you anything. He/she assumes its normal for you to
act that way.
HE/SHE SCOLDS ME: This means that he/she scolds you about things that are wrong.
HE/SHE HITS ME: This means that he/she beats you, or that he/she hits you
HE/SHE TAKES SOMETHING AWAY FROM ME: This means that he/she takes away from you
something that he/she normally gives you, for example taking away your weekend allowance, or
giving you less than the regular allowance as punishment; taking away television privileges for
some time; grounding you; locking you up in your room, or things like that.
Use the rating you believe best describes the situation you live at home. First, answer
ALL the FATHERS reactions, and then ALL the MOTHERS reactions.
He
He Its the He He takes
seems He hits He talks
EVALUATE YOUR FATHER shows
indiffere
EVALUATE YOUR FATHER same to scolds
me
sth away
to me
affection him me from me
nt
2. If I dont study or dont
1. If I do what he tells me to
want to do the
do homework from School
4.- Parenting practices are the way how parents educate their children when their
conduct is adapted or not adapted to the family rules. Affection, Dialog, Indifference,
Detachment, Verbal scolding, Physical punishment, Revoking privileges.
5.- Parenting styles are the set of practices related to the level of affection or control that
parents exercise, and can be: AUTHORITATIVE: high demandingness and high
responsiveness,INDULGENT: Low demandingness and high responsiveness,
AUTHORITARIAN: high demandingness and low rensponsiveness, NEGLECTFUL: Low
responsiveness and low demandingness.
Now weve learnt how can we administrate the questionnaire SPA29 in order
to know parenting styles.
Thanks / Danke
2
HOW DOES THE PARENTAL
EDUCATIVE MODEL
INFLUECE ADOLESCENTS?
YOUR CULTURE
Vere dignus et justum est,
aequum et saludare,
nos tibi semper et ubique
gratias agere.
(S. XV)
Joan R. Garcia-Perales