Introduction to GSM

GSM Fundamentals

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Module Objectives

Name the key terms in mobile communications

List the main improvements from 1G to 2G mobile
communications systems
List the GSM specification standard published by ETSI
Explained the GSM evolution concept and identify five events
in the GSM evolution

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 History of Mobile Communications
Electronic
The beginnings: "archaic mobile communication" communication:
visual transmission (smoke/light signals,...) "terrestrial network"
audible transmission (drums, horns,...)
Telegraph
1st telegraph line 1843
Washington - Baltimore
Telephone
P. Reis 1861
A.G. Bell 1876
World Exhibition Philadelphia

Radio transmission:
1873 Maxwells theory of electromagnetic waves
1887 H. Hertz: experimental proof
1895 Marconi: 1st wireless transmission
1901 1st transatlantic transmission
1903 Dt. Telefunken GmbH: AEG, Siemens& Halske
1906 1st speech and sound transmission
1909 1st radio broadcast
1917 1st mobile transmission: radio station - train
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Fig. 1 (TM5108-02AEN01GLA01 Introduction to GSM, 7)
Transmission

Simplex Duplex

two-way

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Fig. 2 (TM5108-02AEN01GLA01 Introduction to GSM, 9)
Single Cell System

Basestation
Downlink (DL)

Uplink
(UL)

cell = supply area

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Fig. 3 (TM5108-02AEN01GLA01 Introduction to GSM, 11)
Quantum Leap in Mobile Communications:
Single Cell Systems to Cellular Systems

radius
r

Single Cell Cellular

re-use distance
System System

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Fig. 4 (TM5108-02AEN01GLA01
Fig. 5 (TM2100EU03TM_0001
Introduction
Introduction,
to GSM, 13)
11)
Handover

Mobile phone is active,

e.g. a call takes place

Service continuation
without interruption

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Fig. 5 (TM5108-02AEN01GLA01 Introduction to GSM, 15)
Location Areas-Location Updates and Paging

Location Area 1 CI=302

Location
CI=301 Area 3 CI=303

CI=202 CI=304
Location
CI=201 Area 2 CI=203

CI=102 CI=204
Location
CI=101 CI=103 CI=402
Area 1
Location Location Area
CI=104 CI=401 Area 4 CI=403 =
registration
area of one
CI=404 subscriber

no Location Update
Location Update
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Fig. 6 (TM5108-02AEN01GLA01 Introduction to GSM, 17)
First Generation Cellular Mobile Radio Systems

Country System Frequency range Introduced

[MHz] in year
USA AMPS 800 1979
Japan NTT-MTS 800 1979
Sweden, Norway, NMT 450, 900 1981 - 86
Finland, Denmark
Great Britain TACS 900 1985
Germany C450 450 1985
France Radiocom2000 450 1985
NMT 900 1989
Italy RTMS 450 1985
TACS 900 1990

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Fig. 7 (TM5108-02AEN01GLA01 Introduction to GSM, 19)
GSM Subscriber Growth (Million)

5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

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Fig. 8 (TM5108-02AEN01GLA01 Introduction to GSM, 21)
FDD and FDMA in GSM

880 MHz 915 MHz 925MHz 960 MHz E-GSM

890 MHz 915 MHz 935 MHz 960 MHz GSM900
1710 MHz 1785 MHz 1805 MHz 1880 MHz GSM1800
UPLINK (UL) DOWNLINK (DL)

Transmit band Transmit band

of the Mobile Station of the Base Station

Duplex distance 45 / 45 / 95 MHz

25 / 35 / 75 25 / 35 / 75
MHz MHz

Guard band

C C
C C C 174 C C C 174'
1 2 3 124 1' 2' 3' 124'
374 374'

C - Radio Frequency Channel (RFC)

200 kHz for all

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Fig. 9 (TM5108-02AEN01GLA01 Introduction to GSM, 23)
 GSM Radio Interface Organisation: TDMA

Ms. Sunny is
using Timeslot 1
again in the new
TDMA Frame
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
Ms. TaeYeon is 7
6
using Timeslot 3 5
4
3
2 Ms. Tiffany is
Ms. Sunny is 1
using Timeslot 5
8
using Timeslot 1 7
6
5
4
2
3 TDMA frame
1 = 8 timeslots

200 kHz
frequency
Pictures: http://acc.sosi.kr/
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Fig. 10 (TM5108-02AEN01GLA01 Introduction to GSM, 25)
GSM PLMN Organization
Network Switching
Subsystem
Air A Switching
Mobility Management
Connection Management
Charging

MS BSS NSS
O&M

Base Station Subsystem

Radio Resource Management
Radio Link Management
NMS Network Management
System
Fault Management
Configuration Management
Performance Management

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Fig. 11 (TM5108-02AEN01GLA01 Introduction to GSM, 27)
GSM Recommendation Series 01: General

12 Series; each max. 100 Rec.: Series 02: Service Aspects

e.g. GSM Rec. 08.07
Series 04:
Series 08: MS/BS Interface
MSC-BSS Interface & Protocols

PSTN
ISDN MSC BSS MS

Series 05:
Series 03: Network Aspects Um Radio
Transmission
Series 09: Series 06:
Network Interworking Speech Coding
Register
Series 10:
Service Interworking Series 067:
Terminal
Series 11: Equipment & Type Approval Specifications Adaptors for MS

Series 12: Operation & Maintenance

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Fig. 12 (TM5108-02AEN01GLA01 Introduction to GSM, 29)
UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
Zone 4: Global

Zone 3:
Suburban / Rural

Zone 2:
Urban Zone 1:
Indoor
Pico
MSS Macro Micro Cell
Cell Cell

max.
144 kbit/s 144 kbit/s 384 kbit/s 2048 kbit/s data rate
1980 2010 2170
cellular MSS cellular MSS
1885 2025 2110 2200
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

Frequency range [MHz]

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Fig. 13 (TM5108-02AEN01GLA01 Introduction to GSM, 39)