Program StudiTeknik Geologi Dr. Ir.

Eko Widianto, MT
FakultasTeknologi Kebumian dan Energi Semester Ganjil_2015 - 2016
UniversitasTrisakti
 CURRICULUM VITAE
Name : Dr. Ir. Eko Widianto, MT
Place of Birth : Semarang, 3 September 1955
Marital Status : Married
Address : Rancho Indah, Jl. Tanjung 19 / Blok G-21
Tanjung Barat, Jakarta Selatan 12530
Email : ewidianto@trisakti.ac.id
ewidianto@ymail.com

Education 1982 : Bachelor Degree in Geology of UGM

2000 : Magister Degree in Applied Geophysics of ITB
2008 : Doctoral Degree in Applied Geophysics of ITB
Work History
1982 1985 : Pertamina Exploration Division Jakarta
1986 1993 : Pertamina Exploration Department Plaju
1993 1994 : Pertamina BPPKA Jakarta
1994 1997 : Head of Exploration Planning Jakarta
1998 2000 : Exploration Manager JOB Pertamina Greka Energy
2000 2002 : Chief Geophysic Pertamina Upstream
President of Indonesian Association of Geophysicists (HAGI)
2002 2006 : General Manager of JOB Pertamina-ConocoPhillips (Sakakemang) Ltd.
2006 : Vice President of Pertamina Upstream New Venture Business Development
2006 2007 : Board of Director of Joint Venture Pertamina Petronas Petro Vietnam
2006 2008 : Vice President of EP Technology Center
2009 2011 : Senior Geophysicist
2011 now : Lecturer of Geology Engineering of Trisakti Universty
Lecturer of Geophysic Engineering of Bandung Institute of Technology
Lecturer of Geology Engineering of Gadjahmada Universty
2
Pendahuluan
Pada kuliah pertama, Dosen wajib
memberitahukan:
a) Rencana Pembelajaran
b) Daftar buku acuan (buku teks / referensi) yang digunakan
c) Tata tertib Perkuliahan dan Sistem penilaian dan (serta)
pembobotan masing-masing komponen penilaian yang
digunakan
d) Ada atau tidaknya kuis (ujian-ujian kecil)
e) Tata tertib dan peraturan yang berlaku di Universitas Trisakti
f) Bahaya penyalahgunaan Narkoba dan sanksinya
g) Menunjuk salah seorang mahasiswa peserta mata kuliah
tersebut sebagai ketua kelas.
Ketentuan Pelaksanaan Kuliah, Asistensi / Responsi dan
Praktikum

Kuliah, Asistensi / Responsi dan Praktikum harus

dilaksanakan tepat waktu sesuai dengan jadwal.

Mahasiswa diwajibkan hadir mengikuti Kuliah, Asistensi

/ Responsi dan Praktikum sesuai dengan yang tercantum
dalam Kartu Rencana Studi masing-masing. Kehadiran
mahasiswa dicatat dalam daftar hadir mahasiswa.
Jika Dosen berhalangan,
sehingga kehadirannya tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan jadwal
perkuliahan, maka Dosen tersebut wajib:
a. Memberitahukan ketidakhadirannya kepada Subbag Perkuliahan
dan Ujian di Fakultas atau Sekretariat Program Studi.
b. Menggantikan kuliahnya pada kesempatan yang lain atau diisi
dengan kegiatan yang sama oleh dosen pengganti.

Mahasiswa wajib menunggu kehadiran dosen di kelas

dalam waktu 15 menit. Apabila sesudah 15 menit ternyata dosen
belum juga hadir tanpa pemberitahuan, maka ketua kelas melaporkan
kepada Subbag Perkuliahan dan Ujian di Fakultas atau Sekretariat
Program Studi. Apabila sudah ada kepastian bahwa dosen pengganti
belum (tidak) ada, mahasiswa dapat meninggalkan ruang kuliah,
setelah menandatangani daftar hadir.
Mahasiswa wajib menunggu
kehadiran dosen di kelas
dalam waktu 15 menit. Apabila sesudah 15 menit
ternyata dosen belum juga hadir tanpa
pemberitahuan, maka ketua kelas melaporkan kepada
Subbag Perkuliahan dan Ujian di Fakultas atau
Sekretariat Program Studi. Apabila sudah ada
kepastian bahwa dosen pengganti belum (tidak) ada,

mahasiswa dapat meninggalkan ruang kuliah, setelah

menandatangani daftar hadir.
Apabila Dosen melalaikan kewajiban-
kewajiban tersebut di atas (memberikan
kuliah kurang dari 70% tatap muka
terjadwal dalam satu semester),
pimpinan fakultas/Program Studi dapat
memberikan teguran/peringatan dan
sanksi mulai dari yang ringan sampai
dengan yang berat (dalam bentuk
pemberhentian).
3. Kehadiran Mahasiswa Dalam Perkuliahan

Mahasiswa diwajibkan hadir minimal 70 % dari jumlah tatap

muka.
Petugas administrasi perkuliahan akan menghitung jumlah
kehadiran tiap mahasiswa yang digunakan sebagai prasyarat
untuk dapat mengikuti Ujian Akhir Semester.

4. Kesetaraan jam perkuliahan dengan bobot sks.

Sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku di Universitas Trisakti,

maka tabel berikut memberi pedoman untuk mengatur jam
masing-masing jenis perkuliahan dalam hubungannya
dengan bobot sks mata kuliah yang bersangkutan dalam satu
semester.
Tabel :
Pedoman Penentuan Bobot Penilaian

Komponen Rentang % Bobot

Nilai
Terstruktur: Tugas, Kuis, Makalah,
Presentasi dan Partisipasi Aktif di 0 100 5 - 30 %

kelas serta absensi kehadiran kuliah

Ujian Tengah Semester (UTS) 0 100 20 - 40 %

Ujian Akhir Semester (UAS) 0 100 20 - 50 %

Absensi 10 %

Jumlah nilai dalam angka 100 %

Keterangan :
Dalam sistem SKS, komponen penilaian harus termasuk didalamnya tugas terstruktur.
Untuk memperoleh nilai akhir maka jumlah nilai angka dikonversi menjadi nilai huruf.
 Evaluasi Hasil Belajar (EHB)
Evaluasi hasil belajar dapat dilaksanakan dengan
berbagai cara ujian dan kegiatan terstruktur
sesuai dengan jenis serta tingkat kompetensi
yang dituntut dalam Kurikulum Operasional (KO).

Macam-macam Evaluasi Hasil Belajar:

a. Ujian terdiri dari:
Ujian Tengah Semester (UTS)
Ujian Akhir Semester (UAS)
Ujian Komprehensif
Ujian Tugas Akhir
 EHB lanjutan
b.Evaluasi kegiatan terstruktur
Selain ujian-ujian tersebut di atas terdapat
kegiatan-kegiatan terstruktur lain yang
berbentuk:
1). Penulisan karangan ilmiah/ makalah
2). Pekerjaan rumah/ tugas/ kuis
3). Partisipasi aktif dalam kelas
4). Presentasi dan sebagainya
 Persyaratan peserta ujian:
Terdaftar sebagai mahasiswa yang sah pada
program studi
Memenuhi jumlah kehadiran kuliah minimal 70 %
dari jumlah seluruh perkuliahan atau jumlah
tatap muka
Membawa Kartu Peserta Ujian (KPU) / Kartu
Rencana Studi (KRS) yang berlaku.
Mentaati tata tertib ujian
 LECTURE MATERIALS
1 Introduction: Level of Petroleum Investigation
2 Geophysics and Reservoir Management
3 Field Discovery and Delineation Problem
4 Development and Production Problem
5 Seismic Attributes, DHI and Seismic Pitfalls
6 Seismic Inversion and AVO Analysis
7 Reservoir Modeling
8 Reservoir Monitoring
9 Reservoir Geophysics and Emerging Technology
10 4D Seismic Data: Case History
13
 Indonesia
Resources and
Reserves
7/9/14 14
Indonesia Oil and Gas Situation
1. Oil Production Declining. Oil production in Indonesia
is dominated by onshore mature fields that are
experiencing rapid rates of decline (5 15%), yet
hold significant remaining reserves.
2. Less new giant field discovery.
3. Some of the current obstacles to brown fields
revitalization in Indonesia.
4. Common blockers include a lack of appropriate
technology, poor process, conflicting objectives,
unacceptable risk, and economic disincentives.
5. Declining the National Oil R/P.

7/9/14 15
 INDONESIA
Oil Production and Consumption
1800

1600
Thousands Barrels / Day

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

Year
Oil Production Oil Consumption
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy (2014)
7/9/14 16
 BCM

10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0

0.0

7/9/14
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988

Gas Production
1989
1990
1991

Year
1992
1993
INDONESIA

1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Gas Consumption

2000
Gas Production and Consumption

2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
17

2012
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy (2014)

2013
 Reserves (BBOE)

10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0

0.0
5.0

7/9/14
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

Gas Reserve
1995
1996

Year
1997
INDONESIA

1998
1999
2000
Oil Reserve
Oil and Gas Reserves

2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
18

2012
2013
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy (2014)
 INDONESIA
R/P Ratio of Oil and Gas
80

70

60

50
Year

40

30

20

10

Year

Gas Oil

Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy (2014)

7/9/14 19
 INDONESIA
Contribution of CO2 Emission
600.0

500.0

400.0
Million Tones

300.0

200.0

100.0

Year

Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy (2014)

7/9/14 20
 Peak Oil
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hubbert_peak_oil_plot.svg

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hubbert.jpg
Era of
energy
crisis

Hubbert (1903-1989)

In 1956, Hubbert predicted that global oil production would

peak around the Year 2000 and trigger an Energy Crisis with
power blackouts and rising costs of energy and fuel
21
Projection of world oil supply and demand up to 2025 (Energyfiles Ltd)
22
 Projected World Energy Demand
Careers in
Oil & Gas
Remain Important Hydroelectric

New Technologies
1993
100
100 BILLION
BARRELS Solar, Wind
Geothermal
80
80
World Energy Demand
Coal Nuclear Electric
60
(BBOE/Year)
Natural
Gas
40

Fossil Fuels
Decreasing
Crude Oil
20

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 3000
after Edwards, AAPG 8/97
23
 Resource Scarcity

Note that reserves are defined as the known

amount of a (mineral) resource that can be
profitably recovered. This means that new
technology, concept innovation, new
discoveries, higher prices for the resource,
all lead to an expansion in reserves, as we
see in the case of oil.

7/9/14 24
Onset Key Variables
New Discoveries Competition from Alternative Energies
Recovery Efficiency Un forecasted Events
Reserves In Place Rate of Consumption
Rate of Depletion Environmental Factors
Technologies Prices

M o d i f i e d f r o m ( S a l e r i , N . G ., 2 0 0 8 )

7/9/14 25
Current Assumptions

RIP - Resource in Place, Trillion Barrels (includes future discoveries)

RE - Recovery Efficiency S a l e r i , N . G ., 2 0 0 8
UER - Ultimate Estimate of Recoverable Resource, Trillion Barrels

26
 Peak Oil Range
Peak Oil Range

S a l e r i , N . G ., 2 0 0 8
7/9/14 27
 Are still have

?
Declining Oil possibility to
and Gas increase its? Where,
how much and what
Reserves and concept and
Production technology to be
applied

7/9/14 28
 Level of
Petroleum Investigation
------- Man hours Exploration ------
Geophysics
Development ------ In the petroleum
industry, petroleum
geology is only one
Production ------ aspect of petroleum
exploration and
Geology Petroleum Engineering
production

First Well Discover Production

Drilled y made begins
------- Time ten of years
Chemical and
Mechanical
Geophysics Petroleum Geology Petroleum Engineering Engineering Marketing

Acquisition of Exploration / Transportatio

Refining Sale
Concession Production n

(Selley, 1998)
All operation subject to legal, political and economic constraints
PURE SCIENCES

Physics Chemistry Biology

GEOLOGY

Geophysical
Structural Organic
Exploration Sedimentology Petrography Stratigraphy Paleontology
Geology Geochemistry
& Logging

Carbonates
APPLICATION

Evaluation of Structural and Porosity and Source rocks and

Sedimentary Stratigraphic trap permeability the generation of
Basins location within reservoir petroleum
1st
SEDIMENTARY BASIN
ECONOMICS
NOT
IMPORTANT

2nd
PETROLEUM SYSTEM

3rd
EXPLORATION PLAY
ECONOMICS
VERY
IMPORTANT

4th
PROSPECT

Four Levels of Petroleum Investigation

Magoon and Dow (1994)
1st SEDIMENTARY BASIN

2nd PETROLEUM SYSTEM

EXPLORATION
PHASE
3rd EXPLORATION PLAY CONCEPT

4th PROSPECTS GENERATION

5th DELINEATION
DEVELOPMENT
AND
6th DEVELOPMENT PRODUCTION
PHASES

7th PRODUCTION

Seven Levels of Petroleum Investigation

Magoon and Dow (1994)

7/9/14 33
Sedimentary basins, petroleum systems, plays, and prospect
can be view as separate levels of investigation, all of which
are needed to better understand the genesis and habitat of
hydrocarbons.

Sedimentary basin investigations emphasize the stratigraphic

sequence and structural style of sedimentary rocks.

Petroleum system study describe the genetic relationship

between a pod of active source rock and the resulting oil and
gas accumulations.

Investigation of play describe the present-day geologic

similarity of a series of present-day traps.

Study of prospects describe the individual present-day trap

 Factor Comparison
in the Four Levels of Petroleum Investigation

Factor Sedimentary Petroleum Play Prospect

Basin System
Investigation Sedimentary Rock Petroleum Traps Trap

Economics None None Essential Essential

Geologic Time Time of deposition Critical Moment Present-day Present-day

Existence Absolute Absolute Conditional Conditional

Cost Very Low Low High Very high

Analysis & Basin System Play Prospect

Modeling
Magoon and Dow (1994)
If plate tectonics involves all phases of global geology, it follows that it directly
influences petroleum geology. There is no field of petroleum geology that is not
controlled by (or at least connected with) plate tectonic processes, including basin
formation processes, certain sedimentation processes, the type of sediments
present, and the thermal maturation of kerogen-thus, the entire history of oil and gas.
For example: a petroleum geologist will ask "To what degree is a certain area a
prospect for oil?" To arrive at a correct answer, he or she must first answer a number
of individual questions:

1 In what type of basin does the area lie?

2 How old is the sedimentary sec on?

3 Are source beds, reservoirs and cap rocks present?

4 What is the thermal history of the basin and the surrounding area?

5 Are there hydrocarbon migra on possibili es?

6 Are there traps and, if so, of what type and age?

7 Have hydrocarbons leaked?

8 What is the possibility of discovering oil reserves?

 Petroleum System Definition
Geologic components and processes necessary to generate and store hydrocarbons, including a mature
source rock, migration pathway, reservoir rock, trap and seal. Appropriate relative timing of formation of
these elements and the processes of generation, migration and accumulation are necessary for
hydrocarbons to accumulate and be preserved. The components and critical timing relationships of a
petroleum system can be displayed in a chart that shows geologic time along the horizontal axis and the
petroleum system elements along the vertical axis. Exploration plays and prospects are typically
developed in basins or regions in which a complete petroleum system has some likelihood of existing.

Elements Processes
Source Rock Generation
Migration Route
Migration
Reservoir Rock
Accumulation
Seal Rock

Trap Preservation
Venezuela Well Evaluation Conference, 1997, p. 1-24.
1st SEDIMENTARY BASIN

2nd PETROLEUM SYSTEM

EXPLORATION
PHASE
3rd EXPLORATION PLAY CONCEPT

4th PROSPECTS GENERATION

5th DELINEATION
DEVELOPMENT
AND
6th DEVELOPMENT PRODUCTION
PHASES

7th PRODUCTION

Seven Levels of Petroleum Investigation

Magoon and Dow (1994)

7/9/14 40
 PETROLEUM SYSTEM IN THE
EXPLORATION EVALUATION PROCESS

Risk

Geological and Petroleum

Generating Processes Post
Economic
Engineering Drill
Basin Petroleum Play Analysis
Concept/ Review
Review System
Prospect

Optimization

Volumetric

After Schneidermann & Robert M. Otis, IPA 1997

Oil and gas operational phases and Technology Involvement
Project Critical subsurface information Technology
phase Involvement
1) Exploration Proven Petroleum System and Play Concepts Geophysics
Resources and Reserves information Geology Concept
Drilling
2) Delineation Total hydrocarbon volume Geophysics
Areal limits of petroleum reservoir Geology Concept
Deliverability Drilling
Reservoir
3) Development Compartmentalization Geophysics
Bypass Oil Development Geology
Exact locations of development wells Drilling
Reservoir
4) Production Hydrocarbon saturation and pressure changes Production
Flow restrictions and channeling Reservoir
Geophysics

7/9/14 42
 Re-Mapping of Sedimentary Basins of
Indonesia

Define the Petroleum System and

Exploration Play Concepts of each Sub-
Basins of Indonesia

Define the Oil and Gas Resources of entire

Basins of Indonesia

Prove the resources to be reserves,

including the areas where seismic method
doesnt work

Build reservoir model accurately

Monitor and image the dynamic properties

of reservoir until field termination
Optimize production and Improve Recovery
Factor
Reduce CO2 Emission

7/9/14 43
 What Geophysical Role
to increase Oil Resources,
Reserves and Production?
 Scale

Order of magnitude Formation Evaluation Technique Objective

(meters)
106 Satellite Imagery Gross structure
105 Basin Geologic Studies
104 Seismic, Gravity, Magnetic data
103 Borehole Gravimeter Local structure
Ultra long spacing electic logs
102 Pressure transient tests Productivity and recovery
101 Wireline formation tests
100 Full diameter cores Local values of:
10-1 Sidewall cores Porosity
Conventional well logs (most) Permeability
Measurement while drilling Lithology
saturations
10-2 Micro-focused logs
Coreplug analysis
10-3 Cuttings analysis Local hydrocarbon content
10-4 Core analysis Rock properties
10-5 x-ray mineralogy Rock & clay typing
10-6 SEM, XRD,microprobe Micro-pore structure
CSEG, 2011
best to employ all available technologies from each discipline to minimize the uncertainty.

CSEG, 2011