ASE 341 Aerodynamics I

Lecturer: Uur Karban

karban@metu.edu.tr Room R-215

Who am I?
B.S. & M.Sc. METU Aerospace Engineering (Ankara
Campus)
M.Sc. thesis on implementation of a 3-D boundary element
method using `fast multipole approach
Ph.D. in von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics &
Technical University of Munich
Studied prediction of the noise generated by a model
representing a HVAC system
About the ASE 341 course
We will answer the following topics
Potential flow theory
Flow around a cylinder formation of lift
Joukowsky theorem
Aerodynamic coefficient
Panel method
Thin airfoil theoy
Theories for finite wing
Some practices to focus on
How to interpret a given mathematical expression
A bit of coding
Course policy
You may use all your electronic devices during the course
I strongly recommend minimized use of paper for lecture
notes!!!
Lecture notes will be uploaded to ODTUClass BUT
No equations will be provided in the notes
Instead there will be enough space on relevant pages for you
to add the necessary equations
Grading
Assignments 10 pts
Lab reports 15 pts
2 Mid-Terms 15 pts each
Project 20 pts
Final 25 pts
Bonus points
3 pts for 100 % attendance
3 pts in total for those who actively join the in-class
discussions
Will be added to your final grade calculated out of 100
pts
So, bonuses may carry you TWO LETTERS up!
Your letter grades may be re-scaled based on the class
average BUT
do not expect such big deviations from the catalog!!!
Lets start
What is aerodynamics?
the dynamics of gases, especially atmospheric interactions
with moving objects
Where do we need aerodynamics?
Any flying vehicle
But also for most of the ground vehicles as well
Wind turbines
Jet engines
HVAC systems

Newtons model of fluid flow (1687)

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Aerodynamic forces

V

V D

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Potential flow
Potential flow is irrotational

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Potential flow
where A is a scalar function
Curl of a gradient of a scalar function is 0

If we define the velocity field as the

gradient of a scalar function, the
condition of irrotational flow is
automatically satisfied.

That scalar function is called the potential function

Any flow for which a potential function exists is called
a potential flow
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Potential flow
Velocity components in terms
of the potential function

Bernoulli Equation

Bernoulli Equation
in terms of potential

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 Potential flow
flux of mass (min)2 (min)3
Continuity Equation
0 (min)1
rate of change of mass
(mout)3
if density is constant
(mout)1
(mout)2
flux = coming in going out

if flow is potential
and incompressible
the Laplacian operator
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The Laplacian in cylindrical coordinates

Resulting expression for the laplacian

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Potential, incompressible, 2D flow
No z dependence

No z component of velocity

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Stream Line
Stream line is a line which is always tangential to the
velocity field

A stream function is a function which is constant on

the stream line

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Stream Line
The stream functions are defined such that the difference
between two stream functions yield the mass flow
between the corresponding stream lines
Derivation of Cauchy-Riemann
conditions

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Cauchy-Riemann condition
In polar coordinates

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Potential, incompressible, 2D flow
Irrotational conditions

0 0

Write velocity components

in terms of the stream function
only in 2D

in 3D as well

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Constant lines for potential and stream
functions
Constant lines for stream function stream line

Constant lines for potential function

Constant lines for
potential and stream
functions are
perpendicular

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