1

Basics of VoIP/NGN
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2 Evolution of Telephony
Local Loop Trunk Local Loop

Exchange Exchange

Analog Telephony

Access TAX Access

Switch Switch

Digital Telephony

Access Core Access

Router Router

Packet Telephony (e.g. VoIP)

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3 Circuit Switching vs. Packet Switching
Circuit switching
Resources dedicated to a particular call
Data rate is fixed
Both ends must operate at the same rate

Packet switching
Longer messages split into series of packets
Each packet contains a portion of user data plus some control
info

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4 Analogy b/w TDM and VoIP

TDM VoIP

Voice Data Video Storage Voice Data Video Storage

Voice IP Video Storage IP Network

(for Voice, Data & Video)
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5 Components in VoIP

IP CORE
Phone

SOFTSWITCH

GATEWAYS

ACCESS Copyright 2016 C-DOT. All Rights Reserved

04-11-2017
6 Advantage of VoIP
Easy
to
converge
Lower costs Easier to
per call Install
Advantages
of
VoIP
Less Multiple
bandwidth services
Reduced
OPEX

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7 Challenges in VoIP

Latency

Jitter

Packet loss

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8

NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS

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9 Evolution of network architecture
Circuit Switching based PSTN

SS7 SS7 SS7

Switch Switch Switch

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10 Evolution of network architecture
Circuit Switching based PSTN + Packet Switching IP Network

SG SG
SS7 SS7

SS SS

Switch MG MG Switch

Packet
Switching

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11 Evolution of network architecture
Packet Switching IP Network

PE PE

Aggregator Aggregator

LAN
LAN Packet SS Switch
Switch
SS Switching

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12 Next Generation Networks (NGN)

A packet-based network able to provide telecommunication

services and able to make use of multiple broadband, QoS-
enabled transport technologies and in which service-related
functions are independent from underlying transport-related
technologies

A multi-service Network able to support Voice, Data and Video.

A Network using packet mode technology to transport all kind of

information.

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13 Low Power
consumption

OPEX Reliability

Centralized
OAM
Advantage of
Migration Low Investment
per line

Modular,
CAPEX scalable
& upgradable

Migrating Path
for 4G
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14 Protocols
Call control protocol for IP telephony
SIP standards (IETF: rfc3261 and rfc2543)
Media Gateway Control Protocols
MEGACO, ITU H.248 from and IETF rfc3525 or 3015,
Signalling Gateway Control Protocols
ISUP and ISDN over SIGTRAN (M3UA IETF rfc3332
and IUA.)
Call Control Protocol between MGC
SIP-T, SIP-I, BICC(Q1912.5).

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15 Call Flow Diagram
Calling Called
SIP Server Number
number
Request: INVITE
Status: 100 Trying
Request: INVITE
Status: 100 Trying
Status: 180 Ringing
Status: 183 Session progress
Status: 200 OK
Status: 200 OK
Request: ACK
Request: ACK
MEDIA

Request: BYE
Request: BYE
Status: 200 OK
Status: 200 OK
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16 SIP - (Session Initiation Protocol)
A communication protocol for signalling and controlling
multimedia communication sessions.
The most common applications - Internet telephony for voice
and video calls, as well as instant messaging all over Internet
Protocol (IP) networks.
SIP request messages:-
REGISTER: Used by a user agent to register to the registrar
(SIP server).
INVITE: Used to establish a media session between user
agents.
ACK: Confirms reliable message exchanges.
CANCEL: Terminates a pending request.
BYE: Terminates
Copyrightan
2016existing session.
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04-11-2017
17 SIP - (Session Initiation Protocol)
SIP response messages:-
Provisional (1xx): Request received and being processed.
100 Trying, 180 Ringing, 183 Session in Progress.
Success (2xx): The action was successfully received,
understood, and accepted.
200 OK.
Client Error (4xx): The request contains bad syntax or
cannot be fulfilled at the server.
401 Unauthorized.
Global Failure (6xx): The request cannot be fulfilled at any
server.
604 Does Not Exist Anywhere.
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04-11-2017
18 RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol)

Network protocol for delivering audio and video over IP

networks.

Extensively used in communication and entertainment

systems that involve streaming media, such as telephony,
video teleconference applications, television services and
web-based push-to-talk features.

Designed for end-to-end, real-time, transfer of streaming

media.
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19 MEGACO/MGCP

Its a master/slave protocol used between elements of a physically

decomposed multimedia gateway i.e, Media Gateway Controller
and Media Gateway.

It removes intelligence from MGs from call control point of view.

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20 SIGTRAN

Short form of signalling transport

Developed by IETF (RFC 2719) to transport SS7 signals over IP network

Designed to transport information with high performance i.e. high

speed and high reliability.

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 SIP
21 PHONE RTP MG

MEGACO

TDM
SIP

TDM
C5 SIP C4 SIGTRAN SG SS7
EXCHNAGE

SIP-T/SIP-I

PSTN/PLMN
IPTAX NETWORK
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22

THANK YOU

Feedback :- cdotmaxng@gmail.com
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