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Hereditary Influences
Evidence for hereditary influences on intelligence comes from the following
observations:
Family studies show that intelligence tends to run in families.
Twin studies show a higher correlation between identical twins in IQ than
between fraternal twins. This holds true even when identical twins reared
apart are compared to fraternal twins reared together.
Adoption studies show that adopted children somewhat resemble their
biological parents in intelligence.
It is often difficult to separate the relative influences of heredity and
environment on human characteristics. People who have similar genetic
makeup (e.g., brothers and sisters, parents and their children) typically live in
similar environments as well. So when we see similarities in IQ among
members of the same family, it is hard to know whether those similarities are
due to the genes or to the environments that family members share.
Nevertheless, a significant body of research tells us that both heredity and
environment affect intelligence.
Heredity influences
Genetic makeup that affects ones qualities
Many researchers say heredity sets the upper and lower limit on the IQ
of a person.
Environment influences
Physical and behavioral experiences that affect ones qualities
Many researchers say environment determines the IQ within the range
History of discrimination created minorities different social
classes affect on cognitive development
For those in lower social classes will have relatively deprived learning
resources, parental assistance, role models, privacy for study, etc.
Cultural and ethic differences
The Six Classes of Energy
S - OUND
C - HEMICAL
R - ADIANT
E - LECTRICAL
A - TOMIC
M - ECHANICAL
The Six Classes of Energy
The Six Classes of Energy
5 Major Senses
Sight -The sense of sight helps us recognize each
other and learn about color, motion and distance.
Hearing -The sense of hearing helps us learn
from each other through communication. Sound
can produce patterns.
Touch- The sense of touch helps us learn about
our world by feeling it and learning the size,
texture and shape of things.
Smell- The sense of smell helps us enjoy life and
helps us learn about unsafe conditions.
Taste- Taste helps us, among other things, to
select and enjoy food. There are four familiar
tastes.
General Properties of the Senses
(Quality, Intensity, Duration)
o Telepathy
Telepathy refers to the ability to read and other persons thoughts. Telepathy
allows a person to communicate with one or more people using their mind
and no other sensory input. If youve ever become so close to someone you
can tell what theyre thinking, you may not be a telepath, but you can
understand the idea behind this particular type of ESP.
o Clairvoyance
Clairvoyance refers to the ability to see objects or events that are
happening to someone else. Similar to telepathy, clairvoyance refers to the
ability to gain knowledge about a person, event, or thing without sensory
input. Though typically thought to be strongest during meditation, many
psychics can get information about the past, present, and future in a
variety of environments.
o Clairaudience
Clairaudience refers the ability to hear objects or events that are
happening to someone else, without any other additional sensory
information. Like clairvoyance, clairaudience is thought to be strongest
during meditation, however many clairaudience can obtain information in
a variety of environments.
o Mediumship
Mediumship refers to the ability to communicate with the dead by channeling
their spirits. Most mediums use a variety of types of ESP, including clairvoyance
and clairaudience to obtain their information.
o Clairalience
A secondary form of ESP, clairalience refers to the ability to smell. While all
humans have the ability to smell, this type of ESP refers to aromas that are not
detected by everyone else. It is thought that these aromas are projected by
spirits.
o Clairgustance
Another secondary form of ESP, clairgustance refers to the ability to taste. While
all humans have the ability to taste, this type of ESP refers to the ability to taste
without putting anything in the mouth. It is thought that those who have this
ability can perceive the essence of a particular substance from the spiritual
realms through taste.